Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.
Department of Biology, University of Crete, N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.
Biol Chem. 2018 Jun 27;399(7):723-739. doi: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0333.
Mitochondria are critical to tissues and organs characterized by high-energy demands, such as the nervous system. They provide essential energy and metabolites, and maintain Ca2+ balance, which is imperative for proper neuronal function and development. Emerging findings further underline the role of mitochondria in neurons. Technical advances in the last decades made it possible to investigate key mechanisms in neuronal development and the contribution of mitochondria therein. In this article, we discuss the latest findings relevant to the involvement of mitochondria in neuronal development, placing emphasis on mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics. In addition, we survey the role of mitochondrial energy metabolism and Ca2+ homeostasis in proper neuronal function, and the involvement of mitochondria in axon myelination.
线粒体对于能量需求高的组织和器官至关重要，例如神经系统。它们提供必需的能量和代谢物，并维持 Ca2+平衡，这对于神经元的正常功能和发育至关重要。新的发现进一步强调了线粒体在神经元中的作用。过去几十年中的技术进步使得研究神经元发育中的关键机制及其线粒体的贡献成为可能。在本文中，我们讨论了与线粒体参与神经元发育相关的最新发现，重点关注线粒体代谢和动力学。此外，我们还调查了线粒体能量代谢和 Ca2+稳态在神经元正常功能中的作用，以及线粒体在轴突髓鞘形成中的作用。
