College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Institute of Pearl River Water Resources Protection, Monitoring Center of Pearl River Valley Aquatic Environment, Guangzhou 510611, China.
College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jul 15;630:164-170. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.215. Epub 2018 Feb 22.
Phosphate flame retardants (PFRs) were measured in surface water (n=11), suspended particle matter (SPM, n=11), sediment (n=11), and fish samples (n=26) from the Pearl River Delta located in South China. Triethyl phosphate (TEP), tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), and tricresyl phosphate (TMPP) were detected in more than half of surface water, SPM, and sediment samples. The median ΣPFR levels were 837ng/L, 54.6ng/g dry weight (dw), and 37.1ng/g dw in surface water, SPM, and sediment samples, respectively. No significant correlations were found between the concentrations of most PFRs and organic carbon contents in SPM and sediment (p>0.05). In surface water samples, tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP, 27% of ΣPFRs) and TEP (23% of ΣPFRs) were the predominant chemicals, while TNBP (38% of ΣPFRs) and TCEP (32% of ΣPFRs) dominated in ΣPFRs in SPM samples, and TCEP (48% of ΣPFRs) and TCIPP (25% of ΣPFRs) dominated in ΣPFRs in sediment samples. The proportions of phenyl-PFRs and chlorinated-PFRs in ΣPFRs increased from surface water to SPM and sediment. The distribution ratios of PFRs between water and organic carbon in SPM (or observed K) were generally 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the predicted K. TNBP (nd-2.42ng/g wet weight (ww)), TCEP (nd-4.96ng/g ww), and TCIPP (nd-2.42ng/g ww) were detected in 27%, 35%, and 23% of all fish samples, respectively. The log bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) ranged 2.56-2.78, 2.15-3.11, and 2.61-3.10 for TNBP, TCEP, and TCIPP, respectively. The biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) of TNBP, TCEP, and TCIPP were generally lower than 1 except for the BSAF of TCIPP in common carp. The results indicate the species-specific bioaccumulation of PFRs in fish species.
在中国南方的珠江三角洲，采集了地表水(n=11)、悬浮颗粒物(SPM，n=11)、沉积物(n=11)和鱼类样本(n=26)，并对其中的磷酸盐阻燃剂(PFRs)进行了测量。三乙基磷酸酯(TEP)、三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯(TCEP)、三(氯异丙基)磷酸酯(TCIPP)、三正丁基磷酸酯(TNBP)、三苯基磷酸酯(TPHP)和三(2-氯丙基)磷酸酯(TMPP)在超过一半的地表水、SPM 和沉积物样本中被检测到。在地表水、SPM 和沉积物样本中，ΣPFRs 的中位数浓度分别为 837ng/L、54.6ng/g 干重(dw)和 37.1ng/g dw。在 SPM 和沉积物中，大多数 PFRs 的浓度与有机碳含量之间没有显著相关性(p>0.05)。在地表水样本中，三(2-丁氧基乙基)磷酸酯(TBOEP，占 ΣPFRs 的 27%)和 TEP(占 ΣPFRs 的 23%)是主要的化学物质，而在 SPM 样本中，TNBP(占 ΣPFRs 的 38%)和 TCEP(占 ΣPFRs 的 32%)占主导地位，在沉积物样本中，TCEP(占 ΣPFRs 的 48%)和 TCIPP(占 ΣPFRs 的 25%)占主导地位。ΣPFRs 中苯基-PFRs 和氯化-PFRs 的比例从地表水到 SPM 和沉积物逐渐增加。PFRs 在 SPM 中与水和有机碳之间的分配比(或观察到的 K)通常比预测的 K 高出 2-3 个数量级。在所有鱼类样本中，分别有 27%、35%和 23%的样本检测到 TNBP(nd-2.42ng/g 湿重(ww))、TCEP(nd-4.96ng/g ww)和 TCIPP(nd-2.42ng/g ww)。TNBP、TCEP 和 TCIPP 的对数生物积累因子(BAFs)分别为 2.56-2.78、2.15-3.11 和 2.61-3.10。TNBP、TCEP 和 TCIPP 的生物群-沉积物积累因子(BSAFs)通常低于 1，除了鲤鱼体内的 TCIPP 的 BSAF 外。结果表明，PFRs 在鱼类物种中有特定的生物积累。
