Garmaeva Darima K, Kazanov Vladislav N, Arzhakova Lena I, Fedorova Aida I, Afanasyeva Oksana G, Sergyna Ekaterina P
Medical Institute of North-Eastern Federal University Named After M. K. Ammosov, Yakutsk, Russia.
Wiad Lek. 2017;70(6 pt 1):1042-1046.
Introduction: In connection with the development of plastic and aesthetic surgery, there is a steady growth in aesthetic mammoplasty. Modern aesthetics require an emphasis on and accentuation of mammary glands. For our region it is obvious that the physical and sexual development of girls living in the harsh continental climate of Yakutia has its own characteristics. In this regard, the issues of defining a clear standard diagnosis of the regional norm of mammary gland and adjacent topographic layers of the chest wall, as well as its shape, are becoming increasingly relevant. The aim: To identify the individual typological variability of the shape, size, and topometric characteristics of mammary glands of Yakut women with focus on age.
Materials and Methods: Morphometry of the mammary glands was performed in 72 Yakut women. The examined women were divided into the following age groups: group I - IV ( ages 20 -40). The measurements were performed using the Body Logic (Mentor Medical Systems BV - USA) System, where the following indicators were recorded anthropometric characteristics of the body, topometric and organometric characteristics of mammary glands women.
Results: The analysis of the obtained data showed that the bodyweight of the women being examined increases by ages 35-40. Dimensional parameters of the transverse diameter of the chest at the level of the submammary fold and at the level of the nipples were also greater in the older age group. Visual asymmetry MG relative to right and left sides is observed in the first age group (ages 26-35). The thickness of the dermal-glandular fold at the level of the lateral, medial and upper poles also tends to increase with age, with higher values on the left side in all groups. Submammary fold as anatomical structure is the key structure that determines the aesthetics of the mammary gland during its augmentation and mastopexy, it is the foundation on which the designs of mammoplasty are based. Its asymmetry is less noticeable in the older age group. When analyzing the size of the areola along the vertical and transverse lines, a pronounced tendency to increase in size with age is observed relative to the right and left sides.
Conclusions: Thus, as a result of the study, we determined the topo-morphometric parameters of the mammary glands of Yakut women of different age groups. It was observed that with sufficient symmetry of the mammary gland shape in most women in the study groups, there is an asymmetry in the structure of the shape of the chest, probably due to rickets-like conditions widespread in our region. The growth in the thickness of the skin-glandular fold is more pronounced in the fourth age group (ages 36-40), which indicates the hypertrophy of the MG tissues, which is an important factor when calculating the volume of the future implant. The index of extensibility in the lower pole of theMG is important for planning surgical intervention, since it indicates the state of the skin pocket for the implant. It is only natural that with age, MG tissues become susceptibleto natural gravitational ptosis, the same happens to the nipple-areolar complex, as evidenced by its largest transverse and vertical dimensions in the fourth age group. Whenplanning the intervention, these dimensions can be reduced using periareolar mastopexy.
引言：随着整形美容外科的发展，美容性乳房成形术稳步增长。现代美学要求强调并突出乳腺。对于我们所在地区而言，生活在雅库特恶劣大陆性气候下的女孩，其身体和性发育有自身特点。因此，明确乳房区域正常形态及胸壁相邻地形层次的标准诊断问题，以及乳房形状问题，变得越来越重要。目的：确定雅库特女性乳房形状、大小和测量特征的个体类型变异性，并重点关注年龄因素。
材料与方法：对72名雅库特女性进行了乳房形态测量。被检查女性分为以下年龄组：第一组至第四组（年龄20 - 40岁）。测量使用Body Logic（美国美敦力医疗系统公司）系统，记录了人体的人体测量特征、女性乳房的测量和器官测量特征。
结果：对所得数据的分析表明，被检查女性的体重在35 - 40岁时增加。老年组在乳房下皱襞水平和乳头水平的胸部横向直径尺寸参数也更大。在第一年龄组（26 - 35岁）观察到乳房相对于左右两侧的视觉不对称。外侧、内侧和上极水平的真皮 - 腺褶厚度也随年龄增长而增加，所有组左侧的值更高。乳房下皱襞作为解剖结构，是隆乳术和乳房固定术期间决定乳房美学的关键结构，是乳房成形术设计所基于的基础。其不对称在老年组中不太明显。在分析乳晕沿垂直和横向线的大小时，观察到相对于左右两侧，乳晕大小有随年龄明显增加的趋势。
结论：因此，作为研究结果，我们确定了不同年龄组雅库特女性乳房的地形测量参数。观察到在研究组中的大多数女性乳房形状有足够对称性的情况下，胸部形状结构存在不对称，这可能是由于我们地区普遍存在的佝偻病样状况。皮肤 - 腺褶厚度在第四年龄组（36 - 40岁）增长更为明显，这表明乳房组织肥大，这是计算未来植入物体积时的一个重要因素。乳房下极的伸展指数对于规划手术干预很重要，因为它表明了植入物皮肤袋的状态。随着年龄增长，乳房组织自然会受到重力下垂影响，乳头 - 乳晕复合体也是如此，第四年龄组中其横向和垂直尺寸最大就证明了这一点。在规划干预时，可通过乳晕周围乳房固定术减小这些尺寸。
