Kumaran Krishnan, Geiger Davi, Gurvits Leonid
a Department of Physics , Rutgers University , Piscataway , NJ 08854 , USA.
b Courant Institute, New York University , 251 Mercer Street, New York , NY 10012 , USA.
Network. 1996;7(1):33-60. doi: 10.1080/0954898X.1996.11978654.
Illusory contours occur in a wide variety of circumstances in nature. A striking man- made example is the Kanizsa triangle. A common factor in all such figures is the perception of a surface occluding part of a background, i.e. illusory contours are always accompanied by illusory surfaces. The detection of occlusion cues suggest various different local surface configurations, leading to a large combinatorial set of global surface configurations, each one constituting an image organization. We address the problems of why and how the image organizations that yield illusory contours arise. Our approach is to: (i) detect occlusions; (ii) assign surface-states at these locations that reflect the presence of a particular surface configuration; (iii) apply a Bayesian model to diffuse this local surface information; (iv) define an entropy measure for each image organization to select the best one(s) as the one(s) giving the lowest entropy values. We note that: (a) the illusory contours arise from the surface boundaries, and hence we do not propagate/extend intensity edges directly; (b) the overlapping surfaces provide an explanation for amodal completions. The model reproduces various qualitative and quantitative aspects of illusory contour perception and has been supported by a series of experiments.
虚幻轮廓在自然界的各种情况下都会出现。一个引人注目的人造例子是卡尼兹三角。所有这类图形的一个共同因素是对遮挡背景一部分的表面的感知，即虚幻轮廓总是伴随着虚幻表面。遮挡线索的检测暗示了各种不同的局部表面配置，导致了一大组全局表面配置的组合，每一种配置都构成一种图像组织。我们解决了产生虚幻轮廓的图像组织为何以及如何出现的问题。我们的方法是：（i）检测遮挡；（ii）在这些位置分配反映特定表面配置存在的表面状态；（iii）应用贝叶斯模型来扩散这种局部表面信息；（iv）为每个图像组织定义一个熵度量，以选择熵值最低的最佳组织。我们注意到：（a）虚幻轮廓源自表面边界，因此我们不直接传播/扩展强度边缘；（b）重叠表面为非模态完成提供了解释。该模型再现了虚幻轮廓感知的各种定性和定量方面，并得到了一系列实验的支持。
