Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2018 Apr;126:13-19. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.02.010. Epub 2018 Feb 24.
The meaning of reward and punishment signals depends on context. Receiving a small reward where a larger reward could have been obtained can be considered a punishment, while a small loss in the context of avoiding a larger loss can be experienced as a reward. The aim of this study was to investigate the electrophysiological processes associated with absolute and relative reward and punishment signals. Twenty healthy right-handed volunteers performed a decision-making task and were instructed to judge which of two neutral objects was the most expensive. The received outcome was presented together with the non-received outcome for the alternative choice. The feedback-related potentials P200, FRN and P300 were recorded in response to absolute (i.e., received) outcome and relative (i.e., received in the context of the alternative) outcome. Absolute rewards yielded higher P200 amplitudes as compared to relative rewards, while the P200 amplitude was largest for relative as compared to absolute punishments. The P300 amplitude showed a main effect of valence with larger amplitudes for more positive relative and absolute outcomes. No effect of absolute or relative outcome was observed for the feedback-related negativity (FRN). Our findings suggest distinct processes associated with context-dependent and context-independent processing during feedback processing.
奖惩信号的意义取决于情境。在本研究中，我们旨在探讨与绝对奖惩信号和相对奖惩信号相关的电生理过程。获得较小的奖励（原本可以获得更大的奖励）可以被视为惩罚，而在避免更大损失的情况下，较小的损失可以被视为奖励。二十名健康的右利手志愿者参与了一项决策任务，并被要求判断两个中性物体中哪一个更昂贵。收到的结果与替代选择的未收到的结果一起呈现。研究人员记录了 P200、FRN 和 P300 这三种反馈相关电位，以响应绝对（即收到）结果和相对（即相对于替代选择收到）结果。与相对奖励相比，绝对奖励产生了更高的 P200 振幅，而与绝对惩罚相比，P200 振幅在相对惩罚中最大。P300 振幅表现出效价的主要影响，相对和绝对结果越积极，振幅越大。对于反馈相关负波（FRN），没有观察到绝对或相对结果的影响。我们的发现表明，在反馈处理过程中，与情境相关和不相关的处理存在不同的过程。
