Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals, Max Rubner-Institut, Detmold, Germany.
J Sci Food Agric. 2018 Sep;98(12):4542-4549. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.8982. Epub 2018 Mar 30.
Antibiotic drugs are excreted to a large proportion by livestock. Thus, antibiotics are distributed on fields with slurry and can be taken up by plants. In the present study, hydroponic experiments were performed to reveal whether the widely administered chlortetracycline is taken up into wheat grain in a concentration-dependent manner. A further goal was to determine (chlor)tetracyclines in wheat and rye grain from agricultural practice.
Increasing chlortetracycline deposition in wheat grain was observed with a rising chlortetracycline spiking level in the hydroponic solution. In 371 selected wheat and rye samples from three growing years of agricultural practice, the overall detection frequency was 21% for tetracyclines. In the most highly contaminated sample, tetracyclines occurred at 18.2 μg kg . Tetracycline residues were also found in rye grain. Conversion and degradation products of (chlor)tetracycline such as tetracycline, doxycycline and demeclocycline were detected in grains from hydroponic experiments and from agricultural practice.
Concentrations of tetracyclines found in wheat and rye grains were of no concern with respect to toxicity regarding human consumption. However, antibiotic concentrations below the minimum inhibitory concentration can select for antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Thus, low levels of different tetracycline residues contained in food should be taken into account regarding risk assessment. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
抗生素药物大部分通过牲畜排泄。因此，抗生素被施用于粪肥的田地，可被植物吸收。在本研究中，进行了水培实验，以揭示广泛使用的金霉素是否以浓度依赖的方式被吸收到小麦粒中。另一个目的是确定农业实践中来自小麦和黑麦的（氯）四环素。
在水培溶液中金霉素添加水平升高，小麦粒中氯四环素的沉积量增加。在农业实践中三个生长年份的 371 个小麦和黑麦样品中，四环素的总检测频率为 21%。在污染最严重的样品中，四环素的含量为 18.2μg/kg。在黑麦粒中也发现了四环素残留。在水培实验和农业实践中从谷物中检测到（氯）四环素的转化和降解产物，如四环素、强力霉素和去甲金霉素。
小麦和黑麦粒中发现的四环素浓度在人类食用时不会引起毒性问题。然而，低于最小抑菌浓度的抗生素浓度可以选择细菌的抗生素耐药性。因此，在进行风险评估时，应考虑食物中不同四环素残留的低水平。© 2018 化学工业协会。
