Liggett Ashley P, Nastri Regina, Podlesnik Christopher A
Florida Institute of Technology and The Scott Center for Autism Treatment.
The University of Auckland.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2018 Mar;109(2):408-421. doi: 10.1002/jeab.315. Epub 2018 Feb 27.
Resurgence and reinstatement are laboratory models of relapse following treatments for problem behavior that arrange alternative sources of reinforcement, such as differential reinforcement of alternative behavior and noncontingent reinforcement. Resurgence models the elimination or reduction of reinforcers during treatment and reinstatement models the re-presentation of reinforcers previously maintaining problem behavior. The present study examined individual and combined effects of resurgence and reinstatement in a translational model of treatment relapse with three children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. We first reinforced and then extinguished an arbitrary response while providing access to a preferred toy to model a version of noncontingent reinforcement with extinction. In the following phases, we examined resurgence by removing the toy, reinstatement by presenting the training reinforcer response-independently, and a combination of resurgence and reinstatement. Overall, relapse of target responding reliably exceeded functionally similar responses never reinforced in the experimental situation. Most importantly, relapse tended to be greater when combining resurgence and reinstatement than when assessing either alone. These findings support previous studies showing that combinations of operations can increase treatment relapse. This translational model arranging simulated problem behavior with arbitrary tasks provides a platform from which to thoroughly and systematically assess methods for understanding and improving behavioral treatments.
恢复和复现是针对问题行为的治疗后复发的实验室模型，这些治疗安排了替代强化源，如替代行为的差别强化和非连续强化。恢复模型模拟治疗期间强化物的消除或减少，而复现模型模拟先前维持问题行为的强化物的重新呈现。本研究在一个治疗复发的转化模型中，考察了恢复和复现对三名被诊断为自闭症谱系障碍儿童的个体和联合效应。我们首先强化然后消退一个随意反应，同时提供一个偏好玩具以模拟一种伴有消退的非连续强化形式。在接下来的阶段，我们通过移除玩具来考察恢复，通过独立呈现训练强化物来考察复现，以及考察恢复和复现的联合情况。总体而言，目标反应的复发可靠地超过了在实验情境中从未强化过的功能相似的反应。最重要的是，恢复和复现相结合时的复发往往比单独评估时更大。这些发现支持了先前的研究，即操作的组合会增加治疗复发。这个用随意任务安排模拟问题行为的转化模型提供了一个平台，从中可以全面而系统地评估理解和改进行为治疗的方法。
