Podlesnik Christopher A, Ritchey Carolyn M, Waits Jo, Gilroy Shawn P
Department of Psychology, University of Florida, 114 Psychology Building, 945 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611-2250 USA.
Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA.
Perspect Behav Sci. 2022 Nov 21;46(1):137-184. doi: 10.1007/s40614-022-00361-y. eCollection 2023 Mar.
Resurgence is the return of a previously reinforced response as conditions worsen for an alternative response, such as the introduction of extinction, reductions in reinforcement, or punishment. As a procedure, resurgence has been used to model behavioral treatments and understand behavioral processes contributing both to relapse of problem behavior and flexibility during problem-solving. Identifying existing procedural and analytic methods arranged in basic/preclinical research could be used by basic and preclinical researchers to develop novel approaches to study resurgence, whereas translational and clinical researchers could identify potential approaches to combating relapse during behavioral interventions. Despite the study of resurgence for over half a century, there have been no systematic reviews of the basic/preclinical research on resurgence. To characterize the procedural and analytic methods used in basic/preclinical research on resurgence, we performed a systematic review consistent with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). We identified 120 articles consisting of 200 experiments that presented novel empirical research, examined operant behavior, and included standard elements of a resurgence procedure. We reported prevalence and trends in over 60 categories, including participant characteristics (e.g., species, sample size, disability), designs (e.g., single subject, group), procedural characteristics (e.g., responses, reinforcer types, control conditions), criteria defining resurgence (e.g., single test, multiple tests, relative to control), and analytic strategies (e.g., inferential statistics, quantitative analysis, visual inspection). We make some recommendations for future basic, preclinical, and clinical research based on our findings of this expanding literature.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40614-022-00361-y.
恢复是指在替代反应的条件恶化时，先前得到强化的反应再次出现，例如引入消退、强化减少或惩罚。作为一种程序，恢复已被用于模拟行为治疗，并理解导致问题行为复发和解决问题过程中灵活性的行为过程。确定基础/临床前研究中现有的程序和分析方法，基础和临床前研究人员可利用这些方法开发研究恢复的新方法，而转化和临床研究人员可确定在行为干预期间对抗复发的潜在方法。尽管对恢复的研究已有半个多世纪，但尚未对恢复的基础/临床前研究进行系统综述。为了描述基础/临床前恢复研究中使用的程序和分析方法，我们进行了一项与PRISMA（系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目）一致的系统综述。我们确定了120篇文章，其中包含200项实验，这些实验呈现了新的实证研究，检验了操作性行为，并包括恢复程序的标准要素。我们报告了60多个类别的患病率和趋势，包括参与者特征（如物种、样本量、残疾情况）、设计（如单受试者、组）、程序特征（如反应、强化物类型、对照条件）、定义恢复的标准（如单次测试、多次测试、相对于对照）以及分析策略（如推断统计、定量分析、视觉检查）。基于我们对这一不断扩展的文献的研究结果，我们对未来的基础、临床前和临床研究提出了一些建议。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s40614-022-00361-y获取的补充材料。
