Kimura Motohiro
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan.
Exp Brain Res. 2018 May;236(5):1283-1292. doi: 10.1007/s00221-018-5220-8. Epub 2018 Feb 27.
Visual mismatch negativity (VMMN) is an event-related brain potential component that is automatically elicited by infrequent (deviant) stimuli that are inserted among frequent (standard) stimuli (i.e., an oddball sequence). Although the elicitation of VMMN is basically determined in a stimulus-driven manner, it can be modulated by top-down control. In a previous study using a "patterned" oddball sequence, where deviant (D) stimuli were regularly inserted among standard (S) stimuli (i.e., repetitions of an SSSSD pattern), VMMN was largely reduced when participants noticed the SSSSD pattern and actively predicted both the identity and timing of the deviant stimuli compared to when they did not notice the SSSSD pattern and did not form such active prediction. The present study further investigated whether or not active prediction of only the timing of deviant stimuli is sufficient for the reduction of VMMN. With the patterned oddball sequence with one deviant (here, deviant stimuli were fixed throughout the block), VMMN was reduced when the participants noticed the SSSSD pattern and actively predicted both the identity and timing of deviant stimuli (i.e., replication of the previous finding). In contrast, with the patterned oddball sequence with two deviants (deviant stimuli were randomly varied between two possibilities), VMMN was not significantly reduced when the participants noticed the SSSSD pattern and actively predicted only the timing of deviant stimuli. These results suggest that active prediction of only the timing of deviant stimuli is not sufficient to reduce VMMN.
视觉失匹配负波（VMMN）是一种事件相关脑电位成分，由频繁（标准）刺激中偶尔插入的不频繁（偏差）刺激（即奇偶数序列）自动诱发。虽然VMMN的诱发基本上是以刺激驱动的方式决定的，但它可以受到自上而下控制的调节。在之前一项使用“模式化”奇偶数序列的研究中，偏差（D）刺激定期插入标准（S）刺激中（即SSSSD模式的重复），与未注意到SSSSD模式且未形成这种主动预测时相比，当参与者注意到SSSSD模式并积极预测偏差刺激的身份和时间时，VMMN大大降低。本研究进一步调查了仅对偏差刺激的时间进行主动预测是否足以降低VMMN。对于带有一个偏差刺激的模式化奇偶数序列（此处，偏差刺激在整个组块中固定），当参与者注意到SSSSD模式并积极预测偏差刺激的身份和时间时，VMMN降低（即重复了之前的发现）。相比之下，对于带有两个偏差刺激的模式化奇偶数序列（偏差刺激在两种可能性之间随机变化），当参与者注意到SSSSD模式并仅积极预测偏差刺激的时间时，VMMN没有显著降低。这些结果表明，仅对偏差刺激的时间进行主动预测不足以降低VMMN。
