Silberman Jason, Taylor Alan
UTHSC
University Of Tennessee, Memphis
Carbamates are a class of insecticides structurally and mechanistically similar to organophosphate (OP) insecticides. Carbamates are N-methyl carbamates derived from a carbamic acid and cause carbamylation of acetylcholinesterase at neuronal synapses and neuromuscular junctions. While they possess a similar mechanism of action to the irreversible phosphorylation of acetylcholinesterase by organophosphates, carbamates bind to acetylcholinesterase reversibly. Subsequently, carbamates have a similar toxicological presentation to OP poisonings with a duration of toxicity that is typically less than 24 hours. Common agents resulting in toxic exposure are aldicarb, carbofuran, carbaryl, ethinenocarb, fenobucarb, oxamyl, methomyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, and trimethacarb.
氨基甲酸盐是一类在结构和作用机制上与有机磷（OP）杀虫剂相似的杀虫剂。氨基甲酸盐是源自氨基甲酸的N-甲基氨基甲酸盐，会在神经元突触和神经肌肉接头处导致乙酰胆碱酯酶的氨基甲酰化。虽然它们与有机磷使乙酰胆碱酯酶发生不可逆磷酸化的作用机制相似，但氨基甲酸盐与乙酰胆碱酯酶的结合是可逆的。随后，氨基甲酸盐的毒理学表现与有机磷中毒相似，中毒持续时间通常小于24小时。导致中毒暴露的常见制剂有涕灭威、克百威、西维因、乙硫甲威、仲丁威、杀线威、灭多威、抗蚜威、残杀威和混灭威。
