vanSonnenberg E, Wittich G R, Edwards D K, Casola G, von Waldenburg Hilton S, Self T W, Keightley A, Withers C
Radiology. 1987 Mar;162(3):601-5. doi: 10.1148/radiology.162.3.2949336.
Diagnostic and therapeutic interventional radiologic procedures that provide many treatment options in adults are gaining acceptance in pediatric medicine. Diagnostic (69 patients) and therapeutic (31 patients) interventional experiences in 100 children are summarized, and the procedures of choice for various clinical problems are outlined. Procedures include percutaneous biopsy for benign and malignant diseases, transhepatic cholangiography and biliary drainage, genitourinary procedures (nephrostomy, stent placement, balloon dilation), aspiration of fluid for laboratory analysis, therapeutic drainage of abscesses and noninfected fluid collections, and percutaneous gastrostomy and gastroenterostomy. Diagnoses were accurate in 96% of cases, and therapeutic procedures were successful in 84% of patients, usually obviating operation. Complications occurred in six patients (6%); the most severe was hemoptysis causing respiratory distress. There was no procedure-related mortality. Interventional procedures have wide applications in pediatric patients.
在成人间提供多种治疗选择的诊断性和治疗性介入放射学程序在儿科学中越来越被接受。总结了100名儿童的诊断性（69例患者）和治疗性（31例患者）介入经验，并概述了针对各种临床问题的首选程序。程序包括针对良性和恶性疾病的经皮活检、经肝胆管造影和胆汁引流、泌尿生殖系统程序（肾造瘘术、支架置入、球囊扩张）、抽取液体进行实验室分析、脓肿和非感染性液体积聚的治疗性引流，以及经皮胃造瘘术和胃肠造瘘术。96%的病例诊断准确，84%的患者治疗程序成功，通常避免了手术。6例患者（6%）出现并发症；最严重的是咯血导致呼吸窘迫。没有与程序相关的死亡。介入程序在儿科患者中有广泛应用。
