Ludviksdottir Ingunn, Hardardottir Hildur, Sigurdardottir Thorgerdur, Ulfarsson Gudmundur F
CrossFit Sport, Sporthusid.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland. Landspitali, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Laeknabladid. 2018;104(3):133-138. doi: 10.17992/lbl.2018.03.177.
Exercise can stress the pelvic floor muscles. Numerous women experience urinary incontinence while exercising or competing in sports. This study investigated pelvic floor muscle strength, urinary incontinence, and knowledge in contracting pelvic floor muscles among female athletes and untrained women.
This was a prospective case-control study measuring pelvic floor muscle strength using vaginal pressure meas-urement. Participants answered questions regarding general health, urinary incontinence, and knowledge on pelvic floor muscles. Partici-pants were healthy nulliparous women aged 18-30 years, athletes and untrained women. The athletes had competed in their sport for at least three years; including handball, soccer, gymnastics, badminton, BootCamp and CrossFit.
The women were comparable in age and height. The athletes (n=18) had a body mass index (BMI) of 22.8 kg/m² vs. 25 kg/m² for the untrained (n=16); p<0.05. The athletes trained on average 11.4 hours/week while the untrained women participated in some activity on average for 1.3 hours/week; p< 0.05. Mean pelvic floor strength was 45±2 hPa in the athletes vs. 43±4 hPa in the untrained; p=0.36 for whether the athletes were stronger. Of the athletes, 61.1% experienced urinary incontinence (n=11) compared with 12.5% of the untrained women (n=2); p<0.05. Incontinence usually occurred during high intensity exercise. The athletes were more knowledgeable about the pelvic floor muscles; p<0.05.
There was not a significant difference in the strength of pelvic floor muscles of athletes and untrained women. This suggests that pelvic floor muscles are not strengthened during general training but require specific exercises. This holds especially for football, handball and sports with high physical intensity. Coaches need to pay special attention to training and strengthening women's pelvic floor muscles to reduce the occurrence of urinary incontinence.
运动可使盆底肌肉承受压力。众多女性在运动或参加体育比赛时会出现尿失禁。本研究调查了女运动员和未受过训练的女性的盆底肌肉力量、尿失禁情况以及收缩盆底肌肉的相关知识。
这是一项前瞻性病例对照研究，采用阴道压力测量法测量盆底肌肉力量。参与者回答了有关一般健康状况、尿失禁以及盆底肌肉知识的问题。参与者为年龄在18至30岁的健康未育女性，包括运动员和未受过训练的女性。运动员至少已从事其运动项目三年；运动项目包括手球、足球、体操、羽毛球、新兵训练营和CrossFit。
这些女性在年龄和身高方面具有可比性。运动员组（n = 18）的体重指数（BMI）为22.8 kg/m²，而未受过训练的女性组（n = 16）为25 kg/m²；p < 0.05。运动员平均每周训练11.4小时，而未受过训练的女性平均每周参与某项活动1.3小时；p < 0.05。运动员的平均盆底力量为45±2 hPa，未受过训练的女性为43±4 hPa；运动员是否更强壮，p = 0.36。在运动员中，61.1%（n = 11）经历过尿失禁，而未受过训练的女性中这一比例为12.5%（n = 2）；p < 0.05。尿失禁通常发生在高强度运动期间。运动员对盆底肌肉的了解更多；p < 0.05。
运动员和未受过训练的女性的盆底肌肉力量没有显著差异。这表明在一般训练过程中盆底肌肉不会得到加强，而是需要进行特定的锻炼。这在足球、手球以及高强度体育项目中尤为如此。教练需要特别关注女性盆底肌肉的训练和强化，以减少尿失禁的发生。
