Murray Anita, Dunlop Rebecca A, Noad Michael J, Goldizen Anne W
Cetacean Ecology and Acoustics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia.
Behavioural Ecology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2018 Feb;143(2):980. doi: 10.1121/1.5023680.
Male humpback whales produce a mating display called "song." Behavioral studies indicate song has inter- and/or intra-sexual functionality, suggesting song may be a multi-message display. Multi-message displays often include stereotypic components that convey group membership for mate attraction and/or male-male interactions, and complex components that convey individual quality for courtship. Humpback whale song contains sounds ("units") arranged into sequences ("phrases"). Repetitions of a specific phrase create a "theme." Within a theme, imperfect phrase repetitions ("phrase variants") create variability among phrases of the same type ("phrase type"). The hypothesis that song contains stereotypic and complex phrase types, structural characteristics consistent with a multi-message display, is investigated using recordings of 17 east Australian males (8:2004, 9:2011). Phrase types are categorized as stereotypic or complex using number of unit types, number of phrase variants, and the proportion of phrases that is unique to an individual versus shared amongst males. Unit types are determined using self-organizing maps. Phrase variants are determined by Levenshtein distances between phrases. Stereotypic phrase types have smaller numbers of unit types and shared phrase variants. Complex phrase types have larger numbers of unit types and unique phrase variants. This study supports the hypothesis that song could be a multi-message display.
雄性座头鲸会进行一种名为“歌声”的求偶展示行为。行为学研究表明，歌声具有种间和/或种内性功能，这表明歌声可能是一种多信息展示。多信息展示通常包括刻板成分，用于传达群体成员身份以吸引配偶和/或进行雄性间互动，以及复杂成分，用于传达个体品质以进行求爱。座头鲸的歌声包含排列成序列（“乐句”）的声音（“单元”）。特定乐句的重复形成一个“主题”。在一个主题中，不完美的乐句重复（“乐句变体”）在同一类型的乐句（“乐句类型”）之间产生变异性。我们使用17头东澳大利亚雄性座头鲸（8头来自2004年，9头来自2011年）的录音，对歌声包含刻板和复杂乐句类型这一假设进行了研究，该假设具有与多信息展示一致的结构特征。根据单元类型的数量、乐句变体的数量以及个体独有的乐句与雄性间共享的乐句的比例，将乐句类型分为刻板型或复杂型。单元类型使用自组织映射来确定。乐句变体通过乐句之间的莱文斯坦距离来确定。刻板乐句类型的单元类型数量较少且乐句变体是共享的。复杂乐句类型的单元类型数量较多且乐句变体是独有的。这项研究支持了歌声可能是一种多信息展示的假设。
