关于候鸟翅膀着色对其皮肤摩擦阻力及飞行路线选择的热影响的见解。
Insights on the thermal impacts of wing colorization of migrating birds on their skin friction drag and the choice of their flight route.
作者信息
Hassanalian M, Ayed S Ben, Ali M, Houde P, Hocut C, Abdelkefi A
机构信息
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
Department of Engineering Technology and Surveying Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
出版信息
J Therm Biol. 2018 Feb;72:81-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.01.011.
The thermal effects of wing color in flight is investigated in four species of birds with respect to their flight routes, migration time, and geometric and behavioral characteristics. Considering the marine and atmospheric characteristics of these flight routes, a thermal analysis of the birds' wings is performed during their migration. The surrounding fluxes including the ocean flux and the solar irradiance are considered in an energy balance in order to determine the skin temperature of both sides of the wing. Applying the Blasius solution for heated boundary layers, it is shown that the color configuration of these migrating birds, namely black on the top side of the wings and white on the bottom side of the wings ("countershading"), results in a skin drag reduction, if compared to some other configurations, when both day and night are taken into consideration. This drag reduction can be considered as one of the effective factors for long endurance of these migrating birds. This research can provide the evolutionary perspective behind the colorization of these migrating birds.
针对四种鸟类，研究了其翅膀颜色在飞行中的热效应，涉及飞行路线、迁徙时间以及几何和行为特征。考虑到这些飞行路线的海洋和大气特征，在鸟类迁徙过程中对其翅膀进行了热分析。在能量平衡中考虑了包括海洋通量和太阳辐照度在内的周围通量，以确定翅膀两侧的皮肤温度。应用加热边界层的布拉修斯解表明，与其他一些配置相比，这些迁徙鸟类翅膀的颜色配置，即翅膀上侧为黑色、下侧为白色（“反荫蔽”），在考虑白天和黑夜的情况下会降低皮肤阻力。这种阻力降低可被视为这些迁徙鸟类长时间飞行的有效因素之一。该研究可以提供这些迁徙鸟类颜色形成背后的进化观点。
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