Candamo Fiorella, Tobey Matthew, Simon Lisa
Ms. Candamo is a DMD student, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Dr. Tobey is Instructor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Associate Program Director, Rural Health Leadership Fellowship, Massachusetts General Hospital; and Dr. Simon is Fellow in Oral Health and Medicine Integration, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and an MD student, Harvard Medical School.
J Dent Educ. 2018 Mar;82(3):299-305. doi: 10.21815/JDE.018.030.
People who are incarcerated or have a history of incarceration have high rates of dental disease, but access to dental treatment is often a challenge during and after incarceration. Dental students' exposure to this population is unknown: no data exist regarding the number of schools that provide didactic and clinical training in correctional dentistry. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of instruction in correctional dentistry and clinical opportunities at correctional facilities for dental students in the U.S. A survey was distributed to the academic deans at all 66 U.S. dental schools in 2017. Respondents were asked if their institutions had curricular content on correctional health and if they provided clinical opportunities in the correctional setting. Respondents from 30 schools completed the survey, for a response rate of 45%. Nearly two-thirds of the respondents said their institutions offered didactic instruction on the impact of incarceration on health, and eight schools offered a clinical experience at a correctional facility. The most common format was a community-based dental externship involving fourth-year dental students. Oral exams, prophylaxis, and extractions were the most common procedures performed. Respondents from schools that offered a clinical experience agreed more strongly than those that did not that exposure to correctional health care was important and that their students believed incarceration to be a social determinant of health. This study found that a substantial proportion of dental schools offered didactic education on correctional health, but a much smaller number offered student rotations in correctional facilities.
被监禁者或有监禁史的人患牙病的比例很高，但在监禁期间及之后获得牙科治疗往往是一项挑战。牙科学生接触这一人群的情况尚不清楚：没有关于提供惩教牙科理论和临床培训的学校数量的数据。本研究的目的是评估美国牙科学生在惩教牙科方面的教学程度以及在惩教设施中的临床机会。2017年，向美国所有66所牙科学院的学术院长发放了一份调查问卷。受访者被问及他们的机构是否有关于惩教健康的课程内容，以及是否在惩教环境中提供临床机会。来自30所学校的受访者完成了调查，回复率为45%。近三分之二的受访者表示，他们的机构提供了关于监禁对健康影响的理论教学，八所学校提供了在惩教设施中的临床经验。最常见的形式是面向牙科四年级学生的社区牙科实习。口腔检查、预防治疗和拔牙是最常见的操作程序。提供临床经验的学校的受访者比未提供临床经验的学校受访者更强烈地认同接触惩教医疗保健很重要，且他们的学生认为监禁是健康的一个社会决定因素。本研究发现，相当一部分牙科学院提供了关于惩教健康的理论教育，但提供学生在惩教设施中轮转实习的学校数量要少得多。
