Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse, and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.
Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2018 Aug;123(2):182-187. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12991. Epub 2018 Apr 6.
A recent years' increase in misusing levels of image- and performance- enhancing drugs (IPEDs) has been observed. Out of these drugs, beta-2 agonists have recently emerged for their potential of misuse, especially for slimming and bodybuilding purposes. To this perspective, clenbuterol ('the size zero pill') has been reported as being both popular and widely available from the illegal market. All clenbuterol and salbutamol misuse/abuse/dependence/withdrawal/overdose/off-label spontaneous reports (2006-2016) from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) EudraVigilance (EV) database were collected and analysed by age range, gender, concomitant therapies and source of information. From the EV database, 55 of a total number of 920 'suspect' misuse/abuse/dependence/withdrawal/overdose/off-label ADRs (e.g. 5.97%; corresponding to 25 of 138 individuals) and 1310 of 62,879 ADRs (e.g. 2.08%; corresponding to 474 of 6923 individuals) were, respectively, associated with clenbuterol (typically ingested in combination with a range of anabolic steroids) and salbutamol. Proportional reporting ratio (PRR) value for misuse/abuse ADRs was higher (PRR = 18.38) for clenbuterol in comparison with salbutamol. Clenbuterol misuse/abuse could be a cause for major concern, especially in vulnerable individuals.
近年来，人们观察到误用影像增强和表现增强药物（IPEDs）的水平有所增加。在这些药物中，β-2 激动剂最近因其潜在的滥用而出现，特别是用于减肥和健身目的。从这个角度来看，克仑特罗（“零号药丸”）被报道为既受欢迎又广泛可从非法市场获得。从欧洲药品管理局（EMA）EudraVigilance（EV）数据库中收集并分析了 2006 年至 2016 年期间所有克仑特罗和沙美特罗的误用/滥用/依赖/戒断/过量/标签外自发报告，按年龄范围、性别、伴随治疗和信息来源进行分析。从 EV 数据库中，920 例“可疑”误用/滥用/依赖/戒断/过量/标签外不良反应（如 5.97%；相当于 138 人中的 25 人）和 62879 例不良反应（如 2.08%；相当于 6923 人中的 474 人）中，分别与克仑特罗（通常与一系列合成代谢类固醇一起摄入）和沙美特罗相关。误用/滥用不良反应的比例报告比值（PRR）值对于克仑特罗（PRR=18.38）高于沙美特罗。克仑特罗的误用/滥用可能是一个值得关注的主要问题，特别是在脆弱人群中。
