Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Technion , Haifa , 32000 , Israel.
Environ Sci Technol. 2018 Mar 20;52(6):3520-3526. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05656. Epub 2018 Mar 8.
Appreciating the uncertainty margins of exposure assessment to air pollution requires good understanding of its variability throughout the daily activities. This study describes a modeling framework for estimating exposure to air pollutants for a representative sample of working Israeli adults ( N ∼ 168 000) for which both the residence and workplace addresses were available. Individual daily trajectories were simulated by accounting for five generic daily activities: at home, at work, while in commute from home to work and back, and during out-of-home leisure activities. The integrated daily exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO) was estimated for each individual by tracking the daily trajectory through an NO concentration map, obtained using a dynamic and highly resolved dispersion-like model (temporal resolution, half-hourly; spatial resolution, 500 m). Accounting for the subjects' daily mobility was found to affect their exposure more significantly than accounting solely for the diurnal concentration variability, yet a synergistic effect was noted when accounting for both factors simultaneously. Exposure misclassification varies along the day, with the work microenvironment found to contribute the most to it. In particular, regardless of the high concentrations encountered during the commute, their contribution to the integrated daily exposure is small due to the relatively short time spent in this activity by most people.
评估空气污染暴露的不确定性需要很好地了解其在日常活动中的变化。本研究描述了一个建模框架，用于估算具有代表性的以色列工作成年人样本（N∼168000）的空气污染物暴露情况，这些样本的住所和工作地点地址都可用。通过考虑五种常见的日常活动来模拟个体的日常轨迹：在家、在工作、在上下班途中以及在户外休闲活动期间。通过使用动态且高度解析的扩散模型（时间分辨率为半小时，空间分辨率为 500 米）获得的 NO 浓度图，跟踪每日轨迹，为每个个体估算综合每日二氧化氮（NO）暴露量。结果表明，考虑到主体的日常活动变化对其暴露的影响比仅考虑昼夜浓度变化更为显著，但同时考虑到这两个因素时，会产生协同效应。暴露分类错误沿时间变化，工作微环境被发现对此影响最大。特别是，尽管通勤期间会遇到高浓度的污染物，但由于大多数人在这段时间内花费的时间相对较短，因此其对综合每日暴露的贡献很小。
