Williams Juliet A
Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
J Clin Med. 2018 Mar 2;7(3):41. doi: 10.3390/jcm7030041.
The ability to create patient derived xenografts (PDXs) has evolved considerably from the breakthrough of the development of immune compromised mice. How researchers in drug discovery have utilized PDX of certain cancer types has also changed from traditionally selecting a few models to profile a drug, to opting to assess inter-tumor response heterogeneity by screening across a broad range of tumor models, and subsequently to enable clinical stratification strategies. As with all models and methodologies, imperfections with this approach are apparent, and our understanding of the fidelity of these models continues to expand. To date though, they are still viewed as one of the most faithful modeling systems in oncology. Currently, there are many efforts ongoing to increase the utility and translatability of PDXs, including introducing a human immune component to enable immunotherapy studies.
从免疫缺陷小鼠的突破性发展以来，创建患者来源异种移植模型（PDXs）的能力有了很大的进步。药物研发领域的研究人员对某些癌症类型的PDX模型的利用方式也发生了变化，从传统上选择少数模型来评估药物，转变为通过在广泛的肿瘤模型中进行筛选来评估肿瘤间反应的异质性，进而实现临床分层策略。与所有模型和方法一样，这种方法的缺陷显而易见，而且我们对这些模型逼真度的理解也在不断扩展。不过，迄今为止，它们仍被视为肿瘤学中最逼真的建模系统之一。目前，人们正在进行许多努力来提高PDXs的实用性和可转化性，包括引入人类免疫成分以开展免疫治疗研究。
