Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton ON, Canada.
Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton ON, Canada.
Aquat Toxicol. 2018 May;198:20-29. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.02.007. Epub 2018 Feb 15.
In this study, we examined if rainbow trout chronically exposed to acetaminophen (10 and 30 μgL) showed histological changes that coincided with functional changes in the kidney, gill and liver. Histological changes in the kidney included movement and loss of nuclei, non-uniform nuclei size, non-uniform cytoplasmic staining, and loss of tubule integrity. Histological effects were more severe at the higher concentration and coincided with concentration dependent increases in urine flow rate and increased urinary concentrations of sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, urea, ammonia, glucose, and protein. Yet, glomerular filtration rate was not altered with acetaminophen exposure. In the gill, filament end swelling, whole filament swelling, and swelling of the lamellae were observed in exposed fish. Lamellar spacing decreased in both exposure groups, but lamellar area decreased only with 30 μgL exposure. At faster swimming speeds, oxygen consumption was limited in acetaminophen exposed fish, and critical swimming speed was also decreased in both exposure groups. The liver showed decreased perisinusoidal spaces at 10 and 30 μgL acetaminophen, and decreased cytoplasmic vacuolation with 30 μgL acetaminophen. A decrease in liver glycogen was also observed at 30 μgL. There was no change in plasma concentrations of sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and glucose with exposure, suggesting compensation for urinary loss. Indeed, an increase in Na-K-ATPase activity in the gills was found with 30 μgL acetaminophen exposure. Chronic exposure of rainbow trout to the environmentally relevant pharmaceutical acetaminophen, alters both histology and function of organs responsible for ion and nutrient homeostasis.
在这项研究中，我们研究了慢性暴露于对乙酰氨基酚（10 和 30 μgL）的虹鳟是否表现出与肾脏、鳃和肝脏功能变化相一致的组织学变化。肾脏的组织学变化包括核的移动和丢失、核大小不均匀、细胞质染色不均匀以及肾小管完整性丧失。在较高浓度下，组织学效应更为严重，并且与尿液流速的浓度依赖性增加以及尿中钠、氯、钾、钙、尿素、氨、葡萄糖和蛋白质浓度的增加相一致。然而，肾小球滤过率在对乙酰氨基酚暴露时没有改变。在鳃中，观察到暴露鱼的鳃丝末端肿胀、整个鳃丝肿胀和鳃片肿胀。在两个暴露组中，鳃片间距都减小了，但只有在 30 μgL 暴露时，鳃片面积才减小。在较快的游泳速度下，暴露于对乙酰氨基酚的鱼的耗氧量受到限制，并且两个暴露组的临界游泳速度都降低了。肝脏在 10 和 30 μgL 对乙酰氨基酚下显示出周围窦隙的减少，并且在 30 μgL 对乙酰氨基酚下显示出细胞质空泡化减少。在 30 μgL 对乙酰氨基酚下还观察到肝糖原减少。暴露后血浆中钠、氯、钾、钙、镁和葡萄糖浓度没有变化，表明对尿损失的补偿。事实上，在 30 μgL 对乙酰氨基酚暴露时发现鳃中的 Na-K-ATP 酶活性增加。慢性暴露于环境相关药物对乙酰氨基酚会改变负责离子和营养稳态的器官的组织学和功能。
