Hypoxia stimulates microenvironment in human embryonic stem cell through inflammatory signalling: An integrative analysis.

Despite, several lines of evidence suggesting the possible role of hypoxia in stem cell development and differentiation its significance in conferring the stemness and pluripotency remains elusive. In the present study we sought to delineate the candidate genes and molecular pathways imposed during hypoxic microenvironment and its physiological relevance in tipping the balance between the niche and cellular differentiation. Integrated meta-analysis was performed between the hypoxia exposed and normal human embryonic stem cells, employing three transcriptomic cohorts (GSE35819, GSE9510 and GSE37761) retrieved from Gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Results reveal that a total number of 12 genes were consistently differentially expressed (6up regulated and 6 down regulated) with FDR <0.05 and fold change >1.5. The Gene Ontology (GO) functions and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was performed using DAVID. The GO analysis showed DEG significantly enriched in terms of Cellular process (GO:0009987), protein binding (GO:0005515) and cell part (GO:0044464). KEGG analysis indicated participation of genes associated with circadian rthyum regulation and PPAR signalling pathway. Further, gene-set signature (MsigDB) enrichment analysis showed positive regulation with inflammatory signals and negative association with PPAR and p53 pathway. Protein-protein network of gene modules suggests significant hub proteins viz. CTTNB1 (Degree = 18), IL8 (Degree = 15), NFKB1 (Degree = 15) and RELA (Degree = 15) in the PPI network. MCODE algorithm was used for subnetworks of the PPI network. Our integrative analysis documents the potential candidate genes which serves distinct roles influencing metabolic shift and induce inflammatory effectors contributing to hypoxic mediated stem cell niche.