Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Research Centre for Contaminants in the Environment, Pavilion 29 Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (MC 186), University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2018 Jun;237:396-405. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.013. Epub 2018 Mar 15.
The temporal and spatial trends in sediment of 22 poly- and perfluorinated (PFAS) compounds were investigated in the southern Great Lakes Erie and Ontario as well as Lake St. Clair. Surface concentrations measured by Ponar grab samples indicated a trend for greater concentrations near to urban sites. Mean concentrations ∑PFAS were 15.6, 18.2 and 19 ng g dm for Lakes St. Clair, Erie and Ontario, respectively. Perfluoro-n-butanoic acid (PFBA) and Perfluoro-n-hexanoic acid (PFHxA) were frequently determined in surface sediment and upper core samples indicating a shift in use patterns. Where PFBA was identified it was at relatively great concentrations typically >10 ng g dm. However as PFBA and PFHxA are less likely to bind to sediment they may be indicative of pore water concentrations Sedimentation rates between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario differ greatly with greater rates observed in Lake Erie. In Lake Ontario, in general concentrations of PFAS observed in core samples closely follow the increase in use along with an observable change due to regulation implementation in the 1970s for water protection. However some of the more water soluble PFAS were observed in deeper core layers than the time of production could account for, indicating potential diffusion within the sediment. Given the greater sedimentation rates in Lake Erie, it was hoped to observe in greater resolution changes since the mid-1990s. However, though some decrease was observed at some locations the results are not clear. Many cores in Lake Erie had clearly observable gas voids, indicative of gas ebullition activity due to biogenic production, there were also observable mussel beds that could indicate mixing by bioturbation of core layers.
研究了安大略湖、伊利湖和圣克莱尔湖南部五大湖中的 22 种多氟和全氟化合物（PFAS）在沉积物中的时空变化趋势。Ponar 抓斗样本测量的表面浓度表明，靠近城市的地方浓度更高。圣克莱尔湖、伊利湖和安大略湖的∑PFAS 平均浓度分别为 15.6、18.2 和 19ng/gdm。在表层沉积物和上覆岩芯样品中经常检测到全氟丁烷酸（PFBA）和全氟己烷酸（PFHxA），这表明使用模式发生了变化。在有 PFBA 的地方，其浓度相对较高，通常>10ng/gdm。然而，由于 PFBA 和 PFHxA 与沉积物的结合能力较弱，它们可能是孔隙水浓度的指示物。伊利湖和安大略湖之间的沉积速率差异很大，伊利湖的沉积速率更大。在安大略湖，一般来说，芯样中观察到的 PFAS 浓度与使用量的增加密切相关，并且由于 20 世纪 70 年代为了保护水而实施的监管，也发生了可观察到的变化。然而，一些水溶性更强的 PFAS 被观察到存在于比生产时间更深的岩芯层中，这表明在沉积物中可能存在扩散。由于伊利湖的沉积速率较大，希望能更清晰地观察到 20 世纪 90 年代中期以来的变化。然而，尽管一些地点的浓度有所下降，但结果并不清楚。伊利湖的许多岩芯都有明显的气体空隙，这表明由于生物产生，存在气体鼓泡活动，还有可观察到的贻贝床，这可能表明通过生物搅动混合了岩芯层。
