Lista Gianluca, Meneghin Fabio, Bresesti Ilia, Cavigioli Francesco
UOC Neonatologia, Patologia Neonatale e Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Ospedale dei Bambini V. Buzzi, ASST FBF - Sacco - Buzzi, Milano.
Pediatr Med Chir. 2017 Dec 22;39(4):183. doi: 10.4081/pmc.2017.183.
The last decades have seen significant improvements in the care of premature infants. The introduction of new approaches, especially in the ventilatory management, have led to significant increase of survival rate of low and extremely low gestational age infants. These populations of neonates, however, often experience prolonged mechanical ventilation, which is widely recognized to be closely related to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) development. The management of BPD, which is a multifactorial disease, requires a multidisciplinary approach and remains challenging for all the physicians involved. In fact, short and long-term sequelae are not only related to pulmonary performances but include neurological impairment and growth deficiency. A proper nutrition management since the very first days has shown to significantly contribute to the optimal maturation and functionality of the lung. In this paper, we aim to give an overall of the main principles of nutrition in infants born prematurely, with specific regard to the interventions, which could be relevant in infants affected by BPD.
在过去几十年中，早产儿护理有了显著改善。新方法的引入，尤其是通气管理方面的新方法，使低胎龄和极低胎龄婴儿的存活率大幅提高。然而，这些新生儿群体经常经历长时间的机械通气，而这被广泛认为与支气管肺发育不良（BPD）的发生密切相关。BPD是一种多因素疾病，其管理需要多学科方法，对所有相关医生来说仍然具有挑战性。事实上，短期和长期后遗症不仅与肺部表现有关，还包括神经损伤和生长发育迟缓。从出生第一天起就进行适当的营养管理已显示出对肺部的最佳成熟和功能有显著贡献。在本文中，我们旨在概述早产儿营养的主要原则，特别关注可能与受BPD影响的婴儿相关的干预措施。
