Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine.
International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition.
J Epidemiol. 2018;28 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S66-S72. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20170246.
The distributions of socioeconomic status (SES) factors have been changing in Japan. We examined the relationships among SES and self-rated health (SRH) in Japanese adults.
We analyzed 1,178 men and 1,555 women. We showed the distribution of SRH by sex and age and examined cross-sectional relationships among educational attainment, marital/living statuses, working status, household income and expenditure, and fine SRH (defined as excellent, very good, or good). We adjusted for age, subjective symptoms, visiting doctors, monthly equivalent household expenditure (EHE), and living in their own house.
The age-standardized prevalence of fine SRH was 79% and 73% among men and women, respectively. Among men, graduating from high school (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-2.19, relative to graduating from elementary or junior high school) and university or junior college (aOR 1.74; 95% CI, 1.15-2.62) was associated with fine SRH. Among women, graduating from university or junior college was associated with fine SRH (aOR 1.65; 95% CI, 1.12-2.46). Neither marital/living status nor working status was associated with SRH after adjustments for age in either sex. Among women, high EHE and income were associated with fine SRH (the highest expenditure group: aOR 1.80; 95% CI, 1.22-2.65; the highest income group: aOR 2.15; 95% CI, 1.34-3.46, relative to the corresponding lowest group). These simple relationships were not observed for men.
High educational attainment was associated with fine SRH. Relationships among household income, EHE, and fine SRH differed by sex.
日本的社会经济地位（SES）因素分布一直在发生变化。我们研究了 SES 与日本成年人自评健康（SRH）之间的关系。
我们分析了 1178 名男性和 1555 名女性。我们按性别和年龄展示了 SRH 的分布，并检查了教育程度、婚姻/居住状况、工作状况、家庭收入和支出以及良好 SRH（定义为优秀、非常好或好）之间的横断面关系。我们调整了年龄、主观症状、就医、每月等效家庭支出（EHE）和居住在自己的房子。
年龄标准化的良好 SRH 患病率在男性和女性中分别为 79%和 73%。在男性中，高中毕业（调整后的优势比[aOR]1.53；95%置信区间[CI]1.07-2.19，相对于初中或高中毕业）和大学或大专（aOR 1.74；95%CI，1.15-2.62）与良好 SRH 相关。在女性中，大学或大专毕业与良好 SRH 相关（aOR 1.65；95%CI，1.12-2.46）。在调整了年龄后，无论在男性还是女性中，婚姻/居住状况或工作状况都与 SRH 无关。在女性中，高 EHE 和收入与良好 SRH 相关（支出最高组：aOR 1.80；95%CI，1.22-2.65；收入最高组：aOR 2.15；95%CI，1.34-3.46，相对于相应的最低组）。这些简单的关系在男性中没有观察到。
高教育程度与良好的 SRH 相关。家庭收入、EHE 和良好 SRH 之间的关系因性别而异。
