Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University.
Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University.
J Epidemiol. 2018;28 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S17-S22. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20170250.
This study examined the relationships among household income, other SES indicators, and macronutrient intake in a cross-sectional study of a representative Japanese population.
In 2010, we established a cohort of participants in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS) from 300 randomly selected areas throughout Japan. A total of 2,637 participants (1,145 men and 1,492 women) were included in the study. Data from NHNS2010 and the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions 2010 (CSCL2010) were merged, and relationships among macronutrient intake and SES were evaluated. Additionally, socioeconomic factors associated with a risk of a higher carbohydrate/lower fat intake beyond dietary recommendations were evaluated.
Household income was positively associated with fat intake (P = 0.001 for men and <0.001 for women) and inversely associated with carbohydrate intake (P = 0.003 for men and <0.001 for women) after adjustments for age and other SES variables. Similar relationships were observed between equivalent household expenditure (EHE) and macronutrient intake; however, these relationships were weaker than those of household income. Older age was the factor most strongly associated with a high carbohydrate/low fat intake, followed by household income, EHE, education levels, and occupation type.
Older age was the factor most strongly associated with a high carbohydrate/low fat intake, and some aspects of SES, such as household income, EHE, education levels, and occupation type, were independently associated with an imbalanced macronutrient intake. SES may affect the health status of individuals through the intake of macronutrients.
本研究通过对日本代表性人群的横断面研究，考察了家庭收入、其他社会经济地位（SES）指标与宏量营养素摄入之间的关系。
2010 年，我们从日本各地 300 个随机选定的地区建立了国民健康和营养调查（NHNS）参与者队列。共有 2637 名参与者（1145 名男性和 1492 名女性）纳入本研究。将 NHNS2010 数据与 2010 年综合生活状况调查（CSCL2010）的数据合并，评估了宏量营养素摄入与 SES 之间的关系。此外，还评估了与超出饮食建议的高碳水化合物/低脂肪摄入风险相关的社会经济因素。
调整年龄和其他 SES 变量后，家庭收入与男性脂肪摄入呈正相关（P = 0.001），与女性碳水化合物摄入呈负相关（P = 0.003）。家庭等效支出（EHE）与宏量营养素摄入之间也存在类似的关系，但这些关系比家庭收入的关系弱。年龄较大是与高碳水化合物/低脂肪摄入最相关的因素，其次是家庭收入、EHE、教育程度和职业类型。
年龄较大是与高碳水化合物/低脂肪摄入最相关的因素，而 SES 的某些方面，如家庭收入、EHE、教育程度和职业类型，与不平衡的宏量营养素摄入独立相关。SES 可能通过宏量营养素的摄入影响个体的健康状况。
