Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London.
Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz.
Emotion. 2019 Feb;19(1):21-36. doi: 10.1037/emo0000417. Epub 2018 Mar 5.
The authors aimed to (a) identify the cognitive appraisals underlying nostalgia and (b) compare nostalgia with other emotions in terms of its appraisal profile. In Study 1, participants (N = 1,125) generated narratives. Next, they reported the level of nostalgia and 31 other emotions that these narratives elicited. Subsequently, participants evaluated the narrative events on several cognitive appraisals. Events that elicited nostalgia were pleasant, involved an irretrievable loss, felt psychologically distant, and were unique-an appraisal profile that differed from all other emotions. In Study 2 (N = 1,261), the authors experimentally varied these appraisals in a vignette paradigm and measured anticipated nostalgia and 10 other emotions. Participants anticipated most nostalgia when events were pleasant, involved irretrievable loss, were distant, and were unique-a profile shared only with longing. In Study 3 (N = 994), the authors used a guided autobiographical recall procedure in which they manipulated appraisals and measured the resultant emotions. Corroborating Studies 1-2, nostalgia was most intense for events that were pleasant, irretrievably lost, temporally distant, and unique. This appraisal profile was not shared by other emotions. The findings delineate the distinguishing cognitive appraisal profile of nostalgia. Nostalgia occupies a special place in the pantheon of emotions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
(a) 确定怀旧情绪的认知评价，以及 (b) 从评价特征的角度比较怀旧与其他情绪。在研究 1 中，参与者（N=1125）创作了叙事。随后，他们报告了这些叙事引发的怀旧感和 31 种其他情绪的程度。接着，参与者对几个认知评价进行了评估。引发怀旧情绪的事件是愉快的，涉及无法挽回的损失，感觉心理上的距离遥远，并且是独一无二的——这一评价特征与所有其他情绪都不同。在研究 2（N=1261）中，作者在情境模拟中实验性地改变了这些评价，并测量了预期的怀旧情绪和其他 10 种情绪。当事件愉快、涉及无法挽回的损失、遥远且独特时，参与者预期会产生最强烈的怀旧情绪——这一特征与渴望共享。在研究 3（N=994）中，作者使用了引导自传式回忆程序，在该程序中他们操纵了评价并测量了由此产生的情绪。与研究 1-2 一致，当事件愉快、无法挽回地失去、时间上遥远且独特时，怀旧情绪最为强烈。这种评价特征与其他情绪不同。这些发现描绘了怀旧情绪的独特认知评价特征。怀旧在情感的万神殿中占据着特殊的地位。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
