de Souza Jacqueline, Fiorati Regina C, Macedo Maraiza M, de Macedo Jaqueline Queiroz
Jacqueline de Souza, RN, PHD, and Maraiza M. Macedo, RN, MSN, College of Nursing at Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Regina C. Fioratti, OT, PHD, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Jaqueline Queiroz de Macedo, RN, MSN, PHD, Clinical Department of Nursing, Federal University of Paraiba and College of Nursing, Centro Universitario de Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil.
J Addict Nurs. 2018 Jan/Mar;29(1):50-56. doi: 10.1097/JAN.0000000000000213.
Since 2004, Brazilian policy makers have been making some changes in the drug policies. It has prioritized a harm reduction perspective instead of a prohibitionist one. Nevertheless, this latter perspective also persists in some parts of the policies and strategies used to deal with this phenomenon in Brazil. This study aims to analyze the structure of the drug policies in Brazil. It is a documental search of Brazilian mental health legislation (laws, decrees, and ordinances) regarding alcohol and other drugs since 2001. The analysis focused on prevention, assistance, and supply control axes. There was a predominance of assistance, which focuses on development of treatment services. Documents have focused more on crack cocaine than on other drugs which have more impact on public health. Scientific evidence competes with partisan political issues and values and the opinions of different actors. The results suggest that it is necessary to have a solid scientific foundation, clearer technical operational aspects, and an evaluation strategy for mental health services to systematize and analyze the implemented policies.
自2004年以来，巴西政策制定者一直在对毒品政策进行一些调整。它优先考虑减少伤害的视角，而非禁止主义视角。然而，后一种视角在巴西用于应对这一现象的部分政策和策略中依然存在。本研究旨在分析巴西毒品政策的结构。这是一项对2001年以来巴西关于酒精和其他毒品的精神卫生立法（法律、法令和条例）的文献检索。分析聚焦于预防、援助和供应控制等方面。援助方面占主导，其重点在于治疗服务的发展。文件更多地关注快克可卡因，而非对公众健康有更大影响的其他毒品。科学证据与党派政治问题、价值观以及不同行为者的观点相互竞争。结果表明，有必要具备坚实的科学基础、更清晰的技术操作层面以及精神卫生服务的评估策略，以便对已实施的政策进行系统化和分析。
