Yamagishi Toshio, Hashimoto Hirofumi
Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy, Hitotsubashi University, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8439, Japan.
Department of Psychology, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2016 Apr;8:119-124. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.10.003. Epub 2015 Oct 13.
Humans are niche constructors who create physical and social environments to which they adapt. The social niche construction approach to human behavior analyzes behavior as a strategy to further long-term self-interest given a specific institution-that is, a set of stable and predictable responses from others to one's own behavior. We illustrate the logic of social niche construction analysis using examples of individualist and collectivist institutions, and explain how independent and interdependent self-construal can be viewed as strategies adapting to and collectively sustaining individualist or collectivist institutions. We discuss how the social niche construction approach is related to similar approaches used in cultural psychology, namely the socio-ecological approach, intersubjective approach, equilibrium approach, and gene-culture co-evolution approach.
人类是生态位构建者，他们创造出自身所适应的物理和社会环境。人类行为的社会生态位构建方法将行为分析为一种策略，即在特定制度下追求长期自身利益，这里的制度是指他人对自身行为的一系列稳定且可预测的反应。我们通过个人主义和集体主义制度的例子来说明社会生态位构建分析的逻辑，并解释如何将独立和相互依存的自我建构视为适应并共同维持个人主义或集体主义制度的策略。我们还将讨论社会生态位构建方法与文化心理学中使用的类似方法的关系，即社会生态方法、主体间性方法、平衡方法和基因 - 文化共同进化方法。
