Bonic Anita, Poon Mack, Woods Michael G, Trounson Alan O
Aust Orthod J. 2016 Nov;32(2):175-183.
Neural crest cells make up a transient migratory population of cells found in all vertebrate embryos. Great advances have been made over the past 20 years in clarifying the molecular basis of neural crest induction and, although much still remains unclear, it appears that it is a process involving several factors acting at different stages of embryogenesis. In the future, an understanding of the precise mechanisms involved in orofacial development, even at the earliest stages, may well be of use to all clinicians interested in the management of these tissues.
The present study was designed to determine if the early addition of noggin (a bone morphogenetic protein lBMP) antagonist) and/or the late addition of BMP4 would increase the expression of the transcription factors: Msx-1, Snail, Slug and Pax-7.
This involved an assessment of the effects of early addition ( Days 0 to 3) of noggin and/or the late addition ( Days 4 to 7) of BMP4 on2the expression of the neural crest markers by human embryonic stem cells, co-cultured for eight days on a feeder layer of mouse PA6 cells.
The expression of the neural crest markers Pax-7, Msx-1, Slug, and Snail by human embryonic stem cells is likely to be affected by the addition of noggin and BMP4. Not all of these effects will necessarily be significant. The late addition of BMP4 is likely to significantly increase the expression of Pax-7 by human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), when compared with the effects of co-culturing with stromal cell-derived inducing activity, alone. The early addition of noggin and the late addition of BMP4 are likely to significantly increase the expression of Msx-1 by hESCs, when compared with the late addition of BMP4, alone. The hESC results support those from animal ESC studies that the late addition of BMP4, especially, may result in the differentiation of neural crest precursors.
神经嵴细胞构成了所有脊椎动物胚胎中一类短暂迁移的细胞群体。在过去20年里，在阐明神经嵴诱导的分子基础方面取得了巨大进展，尽管仍有许多尚不清楚，但似乎这是一个涉及多个因子在胚胎发育不同阶段起作用的过程。未来，即使是对口面部发育最早阶段所涉及的精确机制的理解，可能也会对所有关注这些组织管理的临床医生有用。
本研究旨在确定早期添加头蛋白（一种骨形态发生蛋白1BMP拮抗剂）和/或晚期添加BMP4是否会增加转录因子Msx-1、蜗牛蛋白、蛞蝓蛋白和Pax-7的表达。
这涉及评估早期添加（第0至3天）头蛋白和/或晚期添加（第4至7天）BMP4对在小鼠PA6细胞饲养层上共培养8天的人类胚胎干细胞中神经嵴标志物表达的影响。
人类胚胎干细胞中神经嵴标志物Pax-7、Msx-1、蛞蝓蛋白和蜗牛蛋白的表达可能会受到头蛋白和BMP4添加的影响。并非所有这些影响都必然显著。与单独与基质细胞衍生诱导活性共培养的效果相比，晚期添加BMP4可能会显著增加人类胚胎干细胞（hESCs）中Pax-7的表达。与仅晚期添加BMP4相比，早期添加头蛋白和晚期添加BMP4可能会显著增加hESCs中Msx-1的表达。hESC的结果支持了动物ESC研究的结果，即特别是晚期添加BMP4可能会导致神经嵴前体的分化。
