São Paulo State University-UNESP, Avenida Três de Março 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, SP, 18087-180, Brazil.
Ecology Department, São Paulo University-USP-IB, R. do Matão, Travessa 14, 321, Butantã, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 Mar 8;190(4):199. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6515-8.
Depending on the environmental conditions, surface sediments can retain all the contaminants present and provide a record of the anthropic activities affecting the aquatic environment. In order to analyze the impacts on reservoirs, surface sediments were collected in three characteristic regions (riverine, transitional, and limnetic zones) of seven reservoirs in São Paulo State, Brazil. Analyses were made of grain size, organic matter (OM), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN). Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) was used to determine pseudo-total and bioavailable metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Al). A Horiba probe was used to measure dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, redox potential (ORP), and temperature (Temp) in the bottom water. The data were analyzed using multivariate statistics. Enrichment factors (EF), pollution load index values (PLI), and background values (BG) were also determined in order to evaluate the potential toxicity. Intra-reservoir and inter-reservoir spatial heterogeneity (p < 0.05) were observed using two-way analysis of similarities. Principal component analysis indicated greater influence of metals in the Barra Bonita, Salto Grande, and Rio Grande reservoirs, corroborating the PLI, EF, and BG data. Bioavailable Cu was found in the Rio Grande reservoir, possibly associated with copper sulfate used to control algal blooms, while bioavailable Ni in the Barra Bonita reservoir was attributed to the presence of industrial wastes and natural geology. The bottom water conditions indicated that the metals remained in insoluble forms.
根据环境条件的不同，表层沉积物可以保留所有存在的污染物，并提供影响水生态环境的人为活动记录。为了分析对水库的影响，在巴西圣保罗州的七个水库的三个特征区域（河流、过渡和湖沼区）采集了表层沉积物。对粒径、有机物（OM）、总磷（TP）和总氮（TN）进行了分析。电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）用于测定准总量和生物可利用金属（Cu、Cd、Cr、Ni、Pb、Zn、Mn、Fe 和 Al）。使用 Horiba 探头测量底部水中的溶解氧（DO）、pH 值、氧化还原电位（ORP）和温度（Temp）。使用多元统计方法分析数据。还确定了富集因子（EF）、污染负荷指数值（PLI）和背景值（BG），以评估潜在毒性。使用双向相似性分析观察到水库内和水库间的空间异质性（p<0.05）。主成分分析表明，在巴拉邦蒂塔、萨尔托格兰德和里奥格兰德水库中，金属的影响更大，这与 PLI、EF 和 BG 数据相符。在里奥格兰德水库中发现了生物可利用的 Cu，可能与用于控制藻类水华的硫酸铜有关，而在巴拉邦蒂塔水库中生物可利用的 Ni 则归因于工业废物和自然地质的存在。底部水条件表明金属仍处于不溶形式。
