Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Subida Radio Faro, 50, 36390, Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Subida Radio Faro, 50, 36390, Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
Environ Pollut. 2018 Jun;237:523-530. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.090. Epub 2018 Mar 15.
Imposex is a disorder caused by organotins, mainly tributyltin, which results in the appearance of male sexual characteristics in females of gastropod mollusks. The main objective of this work was to make a critical analysis of the relationship between imposex and butyltin body burdens in Nucella lapillus and Nassarius reticulatus. Specifically, this study evaluates possible additive effects among butyltins, proposes scales of effects based on robust statistical criteria as alternatives to existing ones and defines the body burdens of TBT in N. lapillus and N. reticulatus corresponding to the assessment classes (ACs) of the Vas Deferens Sequence Index (VDSI) established by OSPAR. Data of organotin body burdens and biological effects was retrieved from the ICES Dataset and from scientific literature. All responses, except the percentage of females displaying Imposex (IMPF) in Nucella lapillus, showed a sigmoidal profile regarding to the body burden of mono- (MBT), di- (DBT) and tributyltin and sum of butyltins (SumBTs). TBT and the SumBTs were better indicators of the VDSI or Relative Penis Size Index/Relative Penis Length Index (RPSI/RPLI) responses than MBT or DBT in most cases. From a statistical point of view, RPSI/RPLI and VDSI were better indicators of contamination by TBT than IMPF, although both RPSI and RPLI showed lower sensitivity than VDSI. The model used for describing the joint effect of butyltins provided a statistically significant fitting to the data assuming a null effect for both MBT and DBT for N. lapillus, and a lower toxic contribution of MBT and DBT with respect to TBT for N. reticulatus. RPSI or RPLI values, equivalent to the ACs for VDSI, were proposed as alternative criteria when measuring moderate to high levels of imposex. TBT concentrations in N. reticulatus and N. lapillus tissues, corresponding to the ACs were calculated and provided valuable information for cross-species comparisons.
性转是一种由有机锡（主要是三丁基锡）引起的疾病，导致腹足纲软体动物的雌性出现雄性性特征。本工作的主要目的是对性转与贝类体内丁基锡负荷之间的关系进行批判性分析。具体而言，本研究评估了丁基锡之间可能存在的相加效应，提出了基于稳健统计标准的效应尺度，作为替代现有尺度的选择，并定义了对应于 OSPAR 制定的输精管序列指数（VDSI）评估等级（AC）的 Nucella lapillus 和 Nassarius reticulatus 中三丁基锡的体内负荷。从 ICES 数据集和科学文献中检索到有关有机锡体负荷和生物学效应的数据。所有响应，除了 Nucella lapillus 中显示性转的雌性百分比（IMPF）外，都显示出关于单丁基锡（MBT）、二丁基锡（DBT）和三丁基锡以及丁基锡总和（SumBTs）的体负荷的 S 形分布。在大多数情况下，TBT 和丁基锡总和比 MBT 或 DBT 更能指示 VDSI 或相对阴茎大小指数/相对阴茎长度指数（RPSI/RPLI）的响应。从统计学角度来看，RPSI/RPLI 和 VDSI 比 IMPF 更能指示 TBT 污染，尽管 RPSI 和 RPLI 的灵敏度均低于 VDSI。用于描述丁基锡联合效应的模型对数据提供了具有统计学意义的拟合，假设 N. lapillus 中 MBT 和 DBT 的零效应，以及 N. reticulatus 中 MBT 和 DBT 相对于 TBT 的毒性贡献较低。当测量中度至高度性转时，提出了 RPSI 或 RPLI 值作为替代 VDSI 的 AC 的标准。计算了 N. reticulatus 和 N. lapillus 组织中对应于 AC 的 TBT 浓度，并为跨物种比较提供了有价值的信息。
