Vagašová Tatiana, Gavurová Beáta
Faculty of Economics, Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2017 Dec;25 Suppl 2:S10-S15. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a4955.
The purpose of this paper is to determine how many years a person could be expected to live if a specific cause of death was eliminated, and to compare potential gains in life expectancy (PGLEs) between Slovakia (SVK) and the Czech Republic (CZE).
PGLEs were computed from mortality reports (1996-2013) for deaths from the main groups of chronic diseases, namely ischaemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), cancer (CA), diabetes mellitus (DM), and chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) for the Slovak and Czech populations in five-year age groups. Country comparative analysis was conducted by constructing rate ratios of PGLEs.
In 2013, life expectancy at birth for the Slovak and Czech populations was 76.5 and 78.3 years. Overall trends of standardised mortality rates of chronic diseases roughly paralleled the PGLEs trend. During 1996-2013, SVK reported the highest PGLEs of IHD at an average of 4.54 years, compared to PGLEs of CA reaching a value of 3.61 years in CZE. The PGLEs of IHD showed the largest gap between SVK and CZE, with an average of 1.65 higher values in SVK. With the elimination of CVD as the third most influential disease in both countries, PGLEs decreased from 1.65 to 0.93 years in CZE; a negligible drop from 1.13 to 1.05 was recorded in SVK. The lowest impacts on life expectancy were recorded in DM and CRD. However, since 2005 these trends have deteriorated in CZE. In 2013, IHD had a similar impact on life expectancy in all age groups in SVK and a decreasing impact among 50-54 year olds in CZE. Similarly to SVK, people in CZE aged 45-49 could gain 0.94 years in LE after CVD elimination, which is nearly the same as at birth.
The higher the life expectancy after elimination of the cause of death is, the higher the impact of the disease on life expectancy. Health prevention programs should be mainly aimed at CA mortality in CZE, while the highest burden of IHD is seen in SVK.
本文旨在确定如果消除某一特定死因，一个人预期能多活多少年，并比较斯洛伐克（SVK）和捷克共和国（CZE）在预期寿命潜在增加量（PGLEs）方面的差异。
根据1996 - 2013年的死亡率报告，计算斯洛伐克和捷克人群中五个年龄组的主要慢性病组（即缺血性心脏病（IHD）、脑血管疾病（CVD）、癌症（CA）、糖尿病（DM）和慢性呼吸道疾病（CRD））导致的死亡的PGLEs。通过构建PGLEs的率比进行国家间的比较分析。
2013年，斯洛伐克和捷克人群的出生时预期寿命分别为76.5岁和78.3岁。慢性病标准化死亡率的总体趋势大致与PGLEs趋势平行。在1996 - 2013年期间，斯洛伐克报告的IHD的PGLEs最高，平均为4.54年，而捷克的CA的PGLEs达到3.61年。IHD的PGLEs在斯洛伐克和捷克之间差距最大，斯洛伐克的平均值比捷克高1.65年。随着作为两国第三大影响疾病的CVD的消除，捷克的PGLEs从1.65年降至0.93年；斯洛伐克从1.13年降至1.05年，下降幅度可忽略不计。对预期寿命影响最小的是DM和CRD。然而，自2005年以来，捷克的这些趋势有所恶化。2013年，IHD对斯洛伐克所有年龄组的预期寿命影响相似，而在捷克50 - 54岁人群中影响呈下降趋势。与斯洛伐克类似，捷克45 - 49岁的人在消除CVD后预期寿命可增加0.94年，这与出生时增加的预期寿命几乎相同。
消除死因后的预期寿命越高，该疾病对预期寿命的影响就越大。健康预防计划应主要针对捷克的CA死亡率，而斯洛伐克IHD的负担最重。
