Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18-24, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018 Jul 30;156:25-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.005. Epub 2018 Mar 7.
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a worldwide used pesticide that raises concerns from the environmental and human health perspectives. The presence of pesticides such as CPF in edible vegetables has been already reported, but little is known about the effects induced by this pesticide stress on the morphology, oxidative response and lipid composition of treated plants. In this work, green bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) were exposed to increasing concentrations of CPF and the different plant parts (roots, stem bases, stem, leaves, pods and beans) were subjected to different analyses. First, morphometric parameters and the oxidative response caused by CPF were explored. In a second phase of the study, an untargeted lipidomic analysis of the different tissue extracts was performed and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry images of pods and beans were recorded and analysed to illustrate the spatial distribution of the changes observed. As a result of CPF treatment, plants showed a significant decrease in their height, leaf length, and pod number. The biochemical analysis showed lipid peroxidation and the activation of antioxidant mechanisms in roots, stem and leaves. Regarding the lipidomic results, changes in lipid levels were observed, mainly in leaves, pods and seeds. The main changes observed were a reduction of photosynthetic pigments and lipids in leaves and a decrease of triacylglycerols levels in pods and seeds. This last point was confirmed by the analysis of mass spectrometry images of the pods. These observations suggest that CPF would affect the yield of green bean crops as well as the nutritional value of pods and beans. This work represents a step forward in the knowledge of the effects of CPF, one of the most used pesticides worldwide, in plants.
毒死蜱（CPF）是一种在全世界范围内使用的农药，从环境和人类健康的角度来看，它引起了人们的关注。已经有报道称，食用蔬菜中存在 CPF 等农药，但人们对这种农药胁迫对处理过的植物的形态、氧化反应和脂质组成的影响知之甚少。在这项工作中，绿豆（Phaseolus vulgaris）植物暴露于不断增加的 CPF 浓度下，对不同的植物部位（根、茎基部、茎、叶、豆荚和豆）进行了不同的分析。首先，探索了 CPF 引起的形态计量参数和氧化反应。在研究的第二阶段，对不同组织提取物进行了非靶向脂质组学分析，并记录和分析了豆荚和豆的 MALDI-TOF 质谱图像，以说明观察到的变化的空间分布。由于 CPF 处理，植物的高度、叶片长度和豆荚数量显著下降。生化分析表明，根、茎和叶中发生了脂质过氧化和抗氧化机制的激活。关于脂质组学的结果，观察到脂质水平发生了变化，主要是在叶片、豆荚和种子中。观察到的主要变化是叶片中光合色素和脂质的减少，以及豆荚和种子中三酰基甘油水平的降低。这一点通过豆荚的质谱图像分析得到了证实。这些观察结果表明，CPF 会影响绿豆作物的产量以及豆荚和豆子的营养价值。这项工作代表了在了解 CPF（世界上使用最广泛的农药之一）对植物的影响方面迈出了一步。
