Bacterial meningitis update.

Meningitis can result from an invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites. While a diagnosis differentiating the types of meningitis may be difficult in the early stages, it is imperative that treatment be instituted as soon as possible. Bacterial meningitis can have a mortality rate of 100% if left untreated. Through a combination of early recognition, prompt institution of antimicrobial treatment, and effective nursing support the management of these patients is greatly enhanced. This article contrasts bacterial with other types of meningitis; presents the physical examination, diagnostic work-up, treatment, and complications; and explores nursing considerations.