Britel Manon, Bourguignon Michel, Foray Nicolas
a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1052, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Lyon , Lyon , France.
b Institut de Radioprotection et Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) , Fontenay aux Roses , France.
Int J Radiat Biol. 2018 May;94(5):503-512. doi: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1450535. Epub 2018 Mar 23.
The term 'radiosensitivity' appeared for the first time at the beginning of the 20th century, few years after the discovery of X-rays. Initially used by French and German radiologists, it illustrated the risk of radiation-induced (RI) skin reactions. From the 1950s, 'radiosensitivity' was progressively found to describe other features of RI response such as RI cancers or cataracts. To date, such confusion may raise legal issues and complexify the message addressed to general public. Here, through an historical review, we aimed to better understand how this confusion appeared.
To support our historical review, a quantitative and qualitative wording analysis of the 'radiosensitivity' occurrences and its derived terms was performed with Google books, Pubmed, Web of Science™ databases, and in all the ICRP publications.
While 'radiosensitivity' was historically related to RI adverse tissue events attributable to cell death, the first efforts to quantify the RI risk specific to each organ/tissue revealed some different semantic fields that are not necessarily compatible together (e.g. adverse tissue events for skin, cataracts for eyes, RI cancer for breast or thyroid). To avoid such confusion, we propose to keep the historical definition of 'radiosensitivity' to any clinical and cellular consequences of radiation attributable to cell death and to introduce the term 'radiosusceptibility' to describe the RI cancers or any feature that is attributable to cell transformation.
“放射敏感性”一词在20世纪初X射线发现几年后首次出现。最初由法国和德国放射学家使用，它说明了辐射诱发（RI）皮肤反应的风险。从20世纪50年代起，人们逐渐发现“放射敏感性”可用于描述RI反应的其他特征，如RI癌症或白内障。时至今日，这种混淆可能引发法律问题，并使传达给公众的信息变得复杂。在此，通过历史回顾，我们旨在更好地理解这种混淆是如何出现的。
为支持我们的历史回顾，我们使用谷歌图书、PubMed、科学网数据库以及所有国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）的出版物，对“放射敏感性”及其衍生术语的出现情况进行了定量和定性的措辞分析。
虽然“放射敏感性”在历史上与因细胞死亡导致的RI不良组织事件相关，但首次对每个器官/组织特有的RI风险进行量化的努力揭示了一些不一定相互兼容的不同语义领域（例如皮肤的不良组织事件、眼睛的白内障、乳腺或甲状腺的RI癌症）。为避免这种混淆，我们建议保留“放射敏感性”对因细胞死亡导致的辐射的任何临床和细胞后果的历史定义，并引入“辐射易感性”一词来描述RI癌症或任何可归因于细胞转化的特征。
