Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2018 Sep;42(7):1177-1184. doi: 10.1002/jpen.1145. Epub 2018 Mar 13.
A dietary supply of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) is critical for neonatal retinal development. Both are absent/minimal in parenteral nutrition (PN) using soy-oil emulsions ([SO] Intralipid®) traditionally used for neonatal intestinal failure. In contrast, fish-oil emulsions ([FO] Omegaven®) are enriched in DHA/AA. The aim of this study was to compare retinal function and fatty acid content in neonatal piglets fed PN with SO or FO.
Two-5-day-old piglets were randomly allocated to SO (n = 4) or FO (n = 4), provided at equivalent doses (5g/kg/d). After 14 days of PN, retinal function was assessed by electroretinography and retinas were harvested for fatty acid content analysis. Sow-fed piglets served as a reference (REF).
Light flash-elicited stoppage of cone and rod dark-currents (a-waves) and the ensuing postsynaptic activation of cone and rod ON bipolar cells (b-waves) were comparable between SO and REF. Responses recorded from FO were subnormal (P <0.001) when compared with both SO and REF. Retinal DHA content was similar in both groups (FO, 14.59% vs SO, 12.22%; P = 0.32); while AA was lower in FO (FO, 6.01% vs SO, 8.21%; P = .001).
Paradoxically, FO containing more DHA and AA did not preserve retinal function when compared with the same low dose of SO. This may be due to the reduced AA enrichment in the retina with FO treatment. Further investigation into the ideal amounts of DHA and AA for optimal neonatal retinal function is required.
二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和花生四烯酸（AA）的饮食供应对新生儿视网膜发育至关重要。传统上用于治疗新生儿肠衰竭的大豆油乳剂（[SO] Intralipid®）肠外营养（PN）中均缺乏/含有微量的 DHA 和 AA。相比之下，鱼油乳剂（[FO] Omegaven®）富含 DHA/AA。本研究旨在比较给予 SO 或 FO 的 PN 喂养的新生仔猪的视网膜功能和脂肪酸含量。
将 2 只 5 天大的仔猪随机分配到 SO（n = 4）或 FO（n = 4）组，给予等效剂量（5g/kg/d）。PN 14 天后，通过视网膜电图评估视网膜功能，并采集视网膜进行脂肪酸含量分析。哺乳母猪喂养的仔猪作为参考（REF）。
SO 和 REF 组的光闪烁诱发的锥体和杆体暗电流（a 波）停止以及随后锥体和杆体 ON 双极细胞的突触后激活（b 波）相似。与 SO 和 REF 相比，FO 记录的反应异常（P <0.001）。两组的视网膜 DHA 含量相似（FO，14.59%比 SO，12.22%；P = 0.32）；而 FO 中的 AA 含量较低（FO，6.01%比 SO，8.21%；P =.001）。
矛盾的是，与相同低剂量的 SO 相比，含有更多 DHA 和 AA 的 FO 并不能维持视网膜功能。这可能是由于 FO 治疗导致视网膜中 AA 富集减少。需要进一步研究用于最佳新生儿视网膜功能的理想 DHA 和 AA 量。
