Connine C M, Clifton C
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1987 May;13(2):291-9. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.13.2.291.
Two experiments are reported that demonstrate contextual effects on identification of speech voicing continua. Experiment 1 demonstrated the influence of lexical knowledge on identification of ambiguous tokens from word-nonword and nonword-word continua. Reaction times for word and non-word responses showed a word advantage only for ambiguous stimulus tokens (at the category boundary); no word advantage was found for clear stimuli (at the continua endpoints). Experiment 2 demonstrated an effect of a postperceptual variable, monetary payoff, on nonword-nonword continua. Identification responses were influenced by monetary payoff, but reaction times for bias-consistent and bias-inconsistent responses did not differ at the category boundary. An advantage for bias-consistent responses was evident at the continua endpoints. The contrasting patterns of reaction-time data in the two experiments indicate different underlying mechanisms. We argue that the lexical status effect is attributable to a mechanism in which lexical knowledge directly influences perceptual processes.
本文报告了两项实验，这些实验证明了语境对语音浊音连续体识别的影响。实验1证明了词汇知识对从单词-非单词和非单词-单词连续体中识别模糊标记的影响。单词和非单词反应的反应时间仅在模糊刺激标记（在类别边界处）上显示出单词优势；对于清晰刺激（在连续体端点处）未发现单词优势。实验2证明了一个知觉后变量，即金钱奖励，对非单词-非单词连续体的影响。识别反应受金钱奖励影响，但在类别边界处，偏向一致和偏向不一致反应的反应时间没有差异。在连续体端点处，偏向一致反应的优势很明显。两个实验中反应时间数据的对比模式表明了不同的潜在机制。我们认为，词汇状态效应可归因于一种机制，即词汇知识直接影响知觉过程。
