Tilley Lorna
School of Archaeology & Anthropology, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Int J Paleopathol. 2015 Mar;8:64-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2014.10.003. Epub 2014 Nov 29.
The remains of Romito 2 (probable male, 17-20 years) date to around 11,000 BP and represent the earliest known case of chondrodystrophic dwarfism (acromesomelic dysplasia). From a hunter-gatherer community in a mountainous region of southern Italy, Romito 2's skeletal dysplasia limited his participation in typical economic and other cultural activities undertaken by his cohort, and anomalies in appearance distinguished him from his peers from infancy onwards. Frayer et al. (1987) were first to describe Romito 2 in detail, suggesting survival to age-at-death indicates group support. Four years later Dettwyler (1991) challenged this conclusion and, a decade after this, Frayer retracted the original claim for care (Bower, 2002). Using the Index of Care (Tilley and Cameron, 2014), this study revisits Romito 2 from a bioarchaeology of care perspective to ascertain whether a valid basis for inferring caregiving exists. Concluding Frayer et al. (1987) were right the first time - that Romito 2's survival reflects caregiving in the form of 'accommodation of difference' - this contribution argues that focus on contemporary context is the key to estimating functional impact of pathology and related need for care. This paper also briefly considers ethical concerns raised by archaeology's treatment of Romito 2's remains.
罗密托2号（可能为男性，17至20岁）的遗骸可追溯到公元前11000年左右，代表了已知最早的软骨发育不良性侏儒症（肢中短骨发育异常）病例。来自意大利南部山区一个狩猎采集社区的罗密托2号，其骨骼发育异常限制了他参与同侪所从事的典型经济和其他文化活动，而且从婴儿期起，其外貌异常就使他与同龄人有所区别。弗雷尔等人（1987年）首次详细描述了罗密托2号，认为其活到死亡年龄表明有群体支持。四年后，德特怀勒（1991年）对这一结论提出质疑，而在此十年后，弗雷尔撤回了最初关于受到照顾的说法（鲍尔，2002年）。本研究使用照顾指数（蒂利和卡梅伦，2014年），从照顾生物考古学的角度重新审视罗密托2号，以确定是否存在推断照顾行为的有效依据。本论文的结论是，弗雷尔等人（1987年）一开始是正确的——罗密托2号的存活反映了以“差异接纳”形式存在的照顾行为——并认为关注当代背景是评估病理功能影响及相关护理需求的关键。本文还简要考虑了考古学对罗密托2号遗骸的处理所引发的伦理问题。
