Sundström-Poromaa Inger
Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Vitam Horm. 2018;107:349-376. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2018.01.016. Epub 2018 Feb 19.
From a psychological perspective, the menstrual cycle has been a research topic for more than 50 years. The most recent menstrual cycle research has been driven by an increased interest in sex differences in neuroscience, and the urge to understand sex disparities in prevalence, clinical presentation, and treatment response in psychiatric or neurologic disorders. Indeed, the menstrual cycle is an excellent model of ovarian steroid influence on emotion, behavior, and cognition. This review summarizes the emotion-related and cognitive findings of methodologically sound menstrual cycle studies. In particular, the review is devoted to the sex hormone-induced emotional disturbances in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder, a subgroup of women responding with enhanced sensitivity to the normal fluctuations in endogenous hormone levels during the menstrual cycle. In addition, emotion processing and cognitive findings across the menstrual cycle in healthy women are also discussed. The overall conclusion is that that menstrual cycle differences in sexually dimorphic cognitive tasks are small and difficult to replicate. Emotion-related changes are more consistently found and are better associated with progesterone and the luteal phase, than with estradiol.
从心理学角度来看，月经周期已经成为一个研究课题五十多年了。最近的月经周期研究是由神经科学领域对性别差异的兴趣增加所推动的，同时也是出于理解精神或神经疾病在患病率、临床表现和治疗反应方面的性别差异的迫切需求。事实上，月经周期是卵巢类固醇对情绪、行为和认知影响的一个绝佳模型。本综述总结了方法合理的月经周期研究中与情绪和认知相关的研究结果。特别是，本综述致力于探讨经前烦躁障碍女性中由性激素引起的情绪障碍，这是一类对月经周期中内源性激素水平的正常波动反应更为敏感的女性亚群体。此外，还讨论了健康女性在整个月经周期中的情绪处理和认知研究结果。总体结论是，在性别差异认知任务中，月经周期差异较小且难以重复。与情绪相关的变化更一致地被发现，并且与孕酮和黄体期的关联比与雌二醇的关联更好。
