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可可碱对大鼠抗体免疫状态的影响归因于可可碱。

Theobromine Is Responsible for the Effects of Cocoa on the Antibody Immune Status of Rats.

机构信息

Section of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

出版信息

J Nutr. 2018 Mar 1;148(3):464-471. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxx056.

DOI:10.1093/jn/nxx056

PMID:29546302

Abstract

BACKGROUND

A 10% cocoa-enriched diet influences immune system functionality including the prevention of the antibody response and the induction of lower immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations. However, neither cocoa polyphenols nor cocoa fiber can totally explain these immunoregulatory properties.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to establish the influence of cocoa theobromine in systemic and intestinal Ig concentrations and to determine the effect of cocoa or theobromine feeding on lymphoid tissue lymphocyte composition.

METHODS

Three-week-old female Lewis rats were fed either a standard diet (AIN-93M; RF group), a 10% cocoa diet (CC group), or a 0.25% theobromine diet (the same amount provided by the cocoa diet; TB group) in 2 separate experiments that lasted 19 (experiment 1) or 8 (experiment 2) d. Serum IgG, IgM, IgA, and intestinal secretory IgA (sIgA) concentrations were determined. In addition, at the end of experiment 2, thymus, mesenteric lymph node (MLN), and spleen lymphocyte populations were analyzed.

RESULTS

Both CC and TB groups in experiments 1 and 2 showed similar serum IgG, IgM, and IgA and intestinal sIgA concentrations, which were lower than those in the RF group (46-98% lower in experiment 1 and 23-91% lower in experiment 2; P < 0.05). In addition, in experiment 2, the cocoa and theobromine diets similarly changed the thymocyte composition by increasing CD4-CD8- (+133%) and CD4+CD8- (+53%) proportions (P < 0.01), changed the MLN composition by decreasing the percentage of T-helper (Th) lymphocytes (-3%) (P = 0.015), and changed the spleen composition by increasing the proportion of Th lymphocytes (+9%) (P < 0.001) after 1 wk of diet treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

The theobromine in cocoa plays an immunoregulatory role that is responsible for cocoa's influence on both systemic and intestinal antibody concentrations and also for modifying lymphoid tissue lymphocyte composition in young healthy Lewis rats. The majority of these changes are observed after a single week of being fed a diet containing 0.25% theobromine.

摘要

背景

富含 10%可可的饮食会影响免疫系统的功能，包括预防抗体反应和诱导较低的免疫球蛋白（Ig）浓度。然而，可可多酚和可可纤维都不能完全解释这些免疫调节特性。

目的

本研究旨在确定可可中的可可因对全身和肠道 Ig 浓度的影响，并确定可可或可可因喂养对淋巴组织淋巴细胞组成的影响。

方法

将 3 周龄雌性 Lewis 大鼠分别用标准饮食（AIN-93M；RF 组）、10%可可饮食（CC 组）或 0.25%可可因饮食（与可可饮食提供的相同量；TB 组）喂养，在 2 个单独的实验中分别持续 19（实验 1）或 8（实验 2）天。测定血清 IgG、IgM、IgA 和肠道分泌型 IgA（sIgA）浓度。此外，在实验 2 结束时，分析胸腺、肠系膜淋巴结（MLN）和脾脏淋巴细胞群体。

结果

在实验 1 和实验 2 中，CC 组和 TB 组的血清 IgG、IgM 和 IgA 以及肠道 sIgA 浓度相似，均低于 RF 组（实验 1 中降低 46-98%，实验 2 中降低 23-91%；P<0.05）。此外，在实验 2 中，可可和可可因饮食通过增加 CD4-CD8-（+133%）和 CD4+CD8-（+53%）比例（P<0.01）同样改变了胸腺细胞组成，通过降低辅助性 T（Th）淋巴细胞的百分比（-3%）（P=0.015）改变了肠系膜淋巴结组成，并通过增加 Th 淋巴细胞的比例（+9%）（P<0.001）改变了脾脏组成，在饮食治疗 1 周后。