From the Christchurch Hospital and University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists, London, United Kingdom.
Anesth Analg. 2018 Apr;126(4):1298-1304. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002653.
There are inadequate numbers of anesthesia providers in many parts of the world. Good quality educational programs are needed to increase provider numbers, train leaders and teachers, and increase knowledge and skills. In some countries, considerable external support may be required to develop self-sustaining programs. There are some key themes related to educational programs in low- and middle-income countries:(1) Programs must be appropriate for the local environment-there is no "one-size-fits-all" program. In some countries, nonuniversity programs may be appropriate for training providers.(2) It is essential to train local teachers-a number of short courses provide teacher training. Overseas attachments may also play an important role in developing leadership and teaching capacity.(3) Interactive teaching techniques, such as small-group discussions and simulation, have been incorporated into many educational programs. Computer learning and videoconferencing offer additional educational possibilities.(4) Subspecialty education in areas such as obstetric anesthesia, pediatric anesthesia, and pain management are needed to develop leadership and increase capacity in subspecialty areas of practice. Examples include short subspecialty courses and clinical fellowships.(5) Collaboration and coordination are vital. Anesthesiologists need to work with ministries of health and other organizations to develop plans that are matched to need. External organizations can play an important role.(6) Excellent education is required at all levels. Training guidelines could help to standardize and improve training. Resources should be available for research, as well as monitoring and evaluation of educational programs.
世界上许多地区的麻醉师数量不足。需要高质量的教育计划来增加提供者数量，培养领导者和教师，并提高知识和技能。在一些国家，可能需要大量的外部支持来发展可持续的项目。在中低收入国家，教育计划有一些关键主题：（1）计划必须适合当地环境——没有“一刀切”的计划。在一些国家，非大学项目可能适合培训提供者。（2）培训当地教师至关重要——许多短期课程提供教师培训。海外实习也可能在发展领导能力和教学能力方面发挥重要作用。（3）互动教学技术，如小组讨论和模拟，已被纳入许多教育计划。计算机学习和视频会议提供了额外的教育可能性。（4）需要在产科麻醉、儿科麻醉和疼痛管理等领域开展专业教育，以培养专业领域的领导能力和提高能力。其中包括短期专业课程和临床研究员。（5）合作与协调至关重要。麻醉师需要与卫生部和其他组织合作，制定符合需求的计划。外部组织可以发挥重要作用。（6）各级都需要优秀的教育。培训指南可以帮助规范和提高培训水平。应该有资源用于研究以及监测和评估教育计划。
