Tic and Neurodevelopmental Movements (TANDeM), Children's Neurosciences Centre, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome Via dei Sabelli, Rome, Italy.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2018 Jul/Aug;39(6):516-522. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000563.
Misophonia is a condition characterized by the dislike or hatred (miso) of specific sounds (phonia) that results in an extreme emotional response. There has been growing interest in misophonia, with emerging evidence from neurodevelopmental populations and ongoing debate regarding the psychiatric classification and the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. This is the first article to report on misophonic experiences and associated clinical characteristics in young people with tic disorders.
In this article, we present the cases of 12 children and young people with tic disorders who have attended clinics in the United Kingdom and Italy who report misophonia. Misophonia was classified as a selective aversive response in accordance with the criteria proposed by Schröder.
These cases support the view that a range of auditory stimuli may lead to negative/aversive emotional responses of varying degrees, with misophonia seeming to contribute to behavioral reactions. Among these, the most frequent was anger outbursts, followed by an increase in tics, trigger avoidance, repetition of the sound, and self-injurious behavior. No single treatment approach was effective, with some patients responding to cognitive behavioral therapies and others to pharmacological support.
We postulate that misophonia could be an underestimated causative phenomenon for abrupt emotional dysregulation in individuals with tic disorders and should be considered as part of a comprehensive clinical assessment. This article presents findings of relevance to general discussions regarding the classification of misophonia, as well as the potential relationship between sensory abnormalities and the broader phenotype of tic disorders during development.
厌恶症是一种以对特定声音（phonia）的厌恶或仇恨（miso）为特征的病症，会导致极端的情绪反应。人们对厌恶症的兴趣日益浓厚，神经发育人群的新兴证据以及关于这种现象的精神病学分类和潜在机制的持续争论。这是第一篇报告抽动障碍青少年的厌恶症体验和相关临床特征的文章。
在本文中，我们报告了 12 名在英国和意大利诊所就诊的患有抽动障碍的儿童和青少年的病例，他们报告了厌恶症。根据 Schröder 提出的标准，将厌恶症归类为选择性厌恶反应。
这些病例支持了这样一种观点，即一系列听觉刺激可能会导致不同程度的负面/厌恶情绪反应，而厌恶症似乎会导致行为反应。其中，最常见的是愤怒爆发，其次是抽动增加、回避触发因素、重复声音和自残行为。没有单一的治疗方法有效，一些患者对认知行为疗法有反应，而另一些患者则对药物治疗有反应。
我们推测，厌恶症可能是抽动障碍患者突然情绪失调的一个被低估的致病现象，应将其视为全面临床评估的一部分。本文的研究结果与关于厌恶症分类的一般性讨论以及在发育过程中感觉异常与抽动障碍更广泛表型之间的潜在关系有关。
