Robertson Janelle, Susong Jason, Wong Emily B
Eglin Air Force Base Hospital, Florida, USA.
University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, USA.
Cutis. 2018 Feb;101(2):87-90.
In 2002, the United States implemented a new program for smallpox vaccinations among military personnel using a live vaccinia virus product. Approximately 2.4 million US military service members and health care workers have since been inoculated, with considerable numbers experiencing adverse reactions. Military dermatologists are at the forefront of describing and treating these reactions, from relatively benign generalized vaccinia (GV) and erythema multiforme (EM) to more severe progressive vaccinia (PV) and eczema vaccinatum (EV). A wide range of providers, including civilian dermatologists and primary care providers, also may see such reactions and must be aware of the spectrum of vaccine reactions. Given current world instability (eg, threats of nuclear war, rise of authoritarian regimes) and concerns for bioterrorism attacks, the smallpox vaccine program likely will continue indefinitely. As the brisk military deployment tempo continues, a larger population of new vaccinees will yield more cutaneous reactions and diagnostic challenges.
2002年，美国实施了一项针对军事人员的天花疫苗接种新计划，使用的是一种活痘苗病毒产品。自那时起，约240万美国军人和医护人员接种了疫苗，相当多的人出现了不良反应。军事皮肤科医生处于描述和治疗这些反应的前沿，从相对良性的全身性牛痘（GV）和多形红斑（EM）到更严重的进行性牛痘（PV）和牛痘性湿疹（EV）。包括普通皮肤科医生和初级保健提供者在内的众多医疗人员也可能会见到此类反应，并且必须了解疫苗反应的范围。鉴于当前世界局势不稳定（例如核战争威胁、独裁政权的崛起）以及对生物恐怖袭击的担忧，天花疫苗接种计划可能会无限期持续下去。随着军事部署节奏的加快，更多的新接种者将产生更多的皮肤反应和诊断挑战。
