Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
School of Communication and Information, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Transl Behav Med. 2018 Nov 21;8(6):898-906. doi: 10.1093/tbm/ibx007.
Indoor tanning is a risk factor for melanoma among young white women. Health communications can be an effective way of reaching this population and promoting behavior change. The purpose of this study was (i) to investigate the associations between intention to quit indoor tanning and attitudes, normative pressure, and efficacy about quitting, and (ii) to identify beliefs about quitting indoor tanning that can be used to design effective health communication messages to reduce skin cancer risk. A national online survey was conducted with 279 non-Hispanic white women ages 18-25 in the USA who are indoor tanners. The survey, based on the reasoned action approach, assessed intention, attitudes, norms, and efficacy and their corresponding underlying beliefs related to quitting indoor tanning, along with other known covariates. Data were collected in November/December 2015. Intention to quit indoor tanning was significantly associated with attitudes, specifically with the beliefs that it would "reduce damage to skin" (increased intention) and "make me less happy" (decreased intention). While self-efficacy was not related to intention to quit indoor tanning, injunctive normative beliefs were with key referent groups including mothers, friends, and romantic partners. Messages aimed at discouraging indoor tanning among young, non-Hispanic, white women should highlight the salient belief that quitting indoor tanning will reduce skin damage, counter the belief that it will make them less happy, and highlight key people who would approve of them quitting indoor tanning.
室内晒黑是年轻白人女性患黑色素瘤的一个风险因素。健康传播可以是一种有效途径，能够接触到这一人群并促进行为改变。本研究的目的是：(i) 调查戒烟意愿与戒烟态度、规范压力和效能之间的关联，以及 (ii) 确定与戒烟有关的信念，以便设计有效的健康传播信息来降低皮肤癌风险。在美国，对 279 名年龄在 18-25 岁之间的非西班牙裔白人女性进行了一项全国性的在线调查，这些女性均有室内晒黑的习惯。该调查基于理性行为理论，评估了与戒烟相关的意图、态度、规范和效能，以及它们相应的潜在信念，同时还评估了其他已知的协变量。数据于 2015 年 11 月/12 月收集。戒烟意愿与态度显著相关，特别是与“减少对皮肤的损害”（增加戒烟意愿）和“让我不那么快乐”（降低戒烟意愿）的信念有关。虽然自我效能与戒烟意愿没有关系，但规范性信念与主要参照群体有关，包括母亲、朋友和恋人。旨在劝阻年轻的、非西班牙裔的、白人女性进行室内晒黑的信息应强调一个明显的信念，即戒烟会减少皮肤损伤，反驳“戒烟会让她们变得不快乐”的信念，并强调那些会赞成她们戒烟的重要人物。
