Zaki Samar, Usman Asma, Tariq Swaleha, Shah Sameena, Azam Iqbal, Qidwai Waris, Nanji Kashmira
Family Medicine, The Aga Khan University.
Community Health Sciences, The Aga University.
Cureus. 2018 Jan 17;10(1):e2083. doi: 10.7759/cureus.2083.
Objective The goal of this study was to determine the frequency and factors associated with adult immunization in patients visiting family medicine clinics at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2014 to March 2015 in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Participants more than 18 years were invited to participate in the study. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect information. Data were entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 19.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). Results A total of 340 patients were surveyed. The majority of patients were female (69.5%) with a mean age of 35.47 years. The majority were married (61.1%), and 30% of the participants had completed graduation or postgraduate education (20%). Most of the patients believed that vaccines can be used in adults to prevent disease (62.2%). Patients believed that the hepatitis B vaccine, influenza vaccine, and hepatitis A vaccine can be administered to adults (58.1%, 29.9%, 33.8%, respectively). The major sources of their information regarding vaccination in adults were friends or relatives (25%) and media (23.2%). Regarding availability of vaccines, 71.3% thought a hepatitis B vaccine is available, 54.9% thought a tuberculosis vaccine is available, and 49.3% thought a tetanus toxoid vaccine is available. Only 36.4% respondents received any vaccine in adulthood. The majority of patients (62.2%) received the hepatitis B vaccine in adulthood. The major reason given for not receiving vaccines was lack of awareness (62.4%). Conclusion Low adult vaccination coverage rates and awareness, as highlighted by the results of this study, show the dire need to address this major preventive strategy. This information can be utilized to conduct larger community-based surveys, to conduct health awareness sessions in the community, and to educate our doctors regarding the availability and benefits of adult vaccines.
目的 本研究旨在确定在卡拉奇一家三级护理医院的家庭医学诊所就诊的患者中成人免疫接种的频率及相关因素。方法 2014年3月至2015年3月在巴基斯坦卡拉奇的一家三级护理医院进行了一项横断面研究。邀请18岁以上的参与者参加研究。使用经过预测试的问卷收集信息。数据使用IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows 19.0版（纽约州阿蒙克：IBM公司）录入和分析。结果 共调查了340名患者。大多数患者为女性（69.5%），平均年龄为35.47岁。大多数已婚（61.1%），30%的参与者完成了本科或研究生教育（20%）。大多数患者认为疫苗可用于成人预防疾病（62.2%）。患者认为乙肝疫苗、流感疫苗和甲肝疫苗可用于成人（分别为58.1%、29.9%、33.8%）。他们关于成人疫苗接种信息的主要来源是朋友或亲戚（25%）和媒体（23.2%）。关于疫苗的可获得性，71.3%的人认为有乙肝疫苗，54.9%的人认为有结核疫苗，49.3%的人认为有破伤风类毒素疫苗。只有36.4%的受访者在成年后接种过任何疫苗。大多数患者（62.2%）在成年后接种了乙肝疫苗。未接种疫苗的主要原因是缺乏认识（62.4%）。结论 本研究结果凸显出成人疫苗接种覆盖率和认识程度较低，表明迫切需要解决这一主要预防策略。这些信息可用于开展更大规模的社区调查、在社区举办健康意识讲座以及教育我们的医生了解成人疫苗的可获得性和益处。
