Msangosoko Kondwani R, Boetel Mark A
Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND.
Environ Entomol. 2018 Jun 6;47(3):629-637. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvy026.
The sugarbeet root maggot, Tetanops myopaeformis Röder (Diptera: Ulidiidae), is native to North America. However, its primary crop host, sugarbeet, Beta vulgaris L., was introduced to the continent from Europe in the late 19th century. This field and greenhouse research was conducted to compare the relative attractiveness of eight cultivated and wild plant species for oviposition by T. myopaeformis, and the suitability of these potential host plants for larval development to elucidate the potential native and current host range of this pest. Results indicated that females preferred ovipositing in soil immediately adjacent to or on the following plant species: sugarbeet; spinach, Spinacia olerocea L.; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L.; redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L.; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.; and to a lesser extent, spear saltbush, Atriplex patula L. Larval survival was greatest on spinach, sugarbeet, and spear saltbush, which all belong to the family Chenopodiaceae. Larval survival on these plants suggests that T. myopaeformis could have exploited wild chenopodiaceous plants or others within the order Caryophyllales before sugarbeet was introduced to North America. Low larval survival on common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, and Palmer amaranth suggests that these species are suboptimal hosts, despite demonstrated attractiveness for oviposition. A general lack of oviposition preference by T. myopaeformis females was observed for sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., and common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. These results provide insights regarding the successful and somewhat rapid host preference shift by this insect to sugarbeet after cultivation of the crop began in the continent.
甜菜根蛆，即小眼长腹蝇（Tetanops myopaeformis Röder，双翅目：斑腹蝇科），原产于北美洲。然而，其主要的作物寄主——甜菜（Beta vulgaris L.），是在19世纪后期从欧洲引入该大陆的。开展这项田间和温室研究的目的是比较8种栽培植物和野生植物物种对小眼长腹蝇产卵的相对吸引力，以及这些潜在寄主植物对幼虫发育的适宜性，以阐明这种害虫潜在的原生寄主范围和当前寄主范围。结果表明，雌蝇更喜欢在紧邻以下植物物种或在其之上的土壤中产卵：甜菜；菠菜（Spinacia oleracea L.）；藜（Chenopodium album L.）；反枝苋（Amaranthus retroflexus L.）；糙果苋（Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.）；以及在较小程度上，戟叶滨藜（Atriplex patula L.）。幼虫在菠菜、甜菜和戟叶滨藜上的存活率最高，这三种植物均属于藜科。这些植物上的幼虫存活率表明，在甜菜被引入北美洲之前，小眼长腹蝇可能已利用野生藜科植物或石竹目内的其他植物。藜、反枝苋和糙果苋上幼虫存活率较低，表明这些物种是次优寄主，尽管它们对产卵具有吸引力。小眼长腹蝇雌蝇对向日葵（Helianthus annuus L.）和豚草（Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.）普遍缺乏产卵偏好。这些结果为该昆虫在该大陆开始种植甜菜后成功且 somewhat rapid地将寄主偏好转向甜菜提供了见解。
