Wu Shaobo, Chou Wusheng, Niu Jianwei, Guizani Mohsen
State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.
Sensors (Basel). 2018 Mar 18;18(3):899. doi: 10.3390/s18030899.
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) involve more mobile elements with their widespread development in industries. Exploiting mobility present in WSNs for data collection can effectively improve the network performance. However, when the sink (i.e., data collector) path is fixed and the movement is uncontrollable, existing schemes fail to guarantee delay requirements while achieving high energy efficiency. This paper proposes a delay-aware energy-efficient routing algorithm for WSNs with a path-fixed mobile sink, named DERM, which can strike a desirable balance between the delivery latency and energy conservation. We characterize the object of DERM as realizing the energy-optimal anycast to time-varying destination regions, and introduce a location-based forwarding technique tailored for this problem. To reduce the control overhead, a lightweight sink location calibration method is devised, which cooperates with the rough estimation based on the mobility pattern to determine the sink location. We also design a fault-tolerant mechanism called track routing to tackle location errors for ensuring reliable and on-time data delivery. We comprehensively evaluate DERM by comparing it with two canonical routing schemes and a baseline solution presented in this work. Extensive evaluation results demonstrate that DERM can provide considerable energy savings while meeting the delay constraint and maintaining a high delivery ratio.
随着无线传感器网络（WSNs）在工业领域的广泛发展，其中包含了更多的移动元素。利用WSNs中的移动性进行数据收集可以有效提高网络性能。然而，当汇聚节点（即数据收集器）的路径固定且移动不可控时，现有方案在实现高能效的同时无法保证延迟要求。本文针对具有路径固定移动汇聚节点的WSNs提出了一种延迟感知的节能路由算法，称为DERM，它可以在传输延迟和节能之间取得理想的平衡。我们将DERM的目标描述为实现对时变目的地区域的能量最优任播，并引入了一种针对该问题量身定制的基于位置的转发技术。为了减少控制开销，设计了一种轻量级的汇聚节点位置校准方法，该方法与基于移动模式的粗略估计协作以确定汇聚节点的位置。我们还设计了一种名为跟踪路由的容错机制来处理位置错误，以确保可靠且及时的数据传输。我们通过将DERM与两种典型路由方案以及本文提出的一种基线解决方案进行比较，对DERM进行了全面评估。广泛的评估结果表明，DERM在满足延迟约束并保持高传输率的同时，可以节省大量能量。
