Pial fistula in infancy: Report of two cases and literature review with special emphasis on the ruptured group.

Cerebral pial fistula is a rare vascular pathology with no more than 150 cases reported. Most cases reported in infancy have been published as case reports. Owing to its high flow, its occurrence in this age group carries the potential risk of heart failure, chronic venous hypertension, seizures and, less frequently, cerebral haemorrhage. We present two cases of pial fistulae in infancy treated by endovascular embolisation using N-butyl cyanoacrylate. A review of the English-language literature was performed for this age group with special emphasis on ruptured cases.