Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, República de Panamá.
Sci Adv. 2018 Mar 21;4(3):eaaq0579. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaq0579. eCollection 2018 Mar.
Learning from others allows individuals to adapt rapidly to environmental change. Although conspecifics tend to be reliable models, heterospecifics with similar resource requirements may be suitable surrogates when conspecifics are few or unfamiliar with recent changes in resource availability. We tested whether , a gleaning bat that localizes prey using their mating calls, can learn about novel prey from conspecifics and the sympatric bat Specifically, we compared the rate for naïve to learn an unfamiliar tone from either a trained conspecific or heterospecific alone through trial and error or through social facilitation. learned this novel cue from as quickly as from conspecifics. This is the first demonstration of social learning of a novel acoustic cue in bats and suggests that heterospecific learning may occur in nature. We propose that auditory-based social learning may help bats learn about unfamiliar prey and facilitate their adaptive radiation.
向他人学习可以使个体迅速适应环境变化。虽然同种个体往往是可靠的模型，但当同种个体数量较少或不熟悉资源可获得性的最近变化时，具有相似资源需求的异种个体可能是合适的替代品。我们测试了一种以交配叫声定位猎物的食虫蝙蝠是否可以从同种个体和同域蝙蝠中学到关于新猎物的信息。具体来说，我们比较了通过试错或社会助长， 从训练有素的同种个体或异种个体中学到陌生音调的速度。 像从同种个体那里一样，很快就学会了这个新的线索。这是蝙蝠中首例关于新的听觉线索的社会学习的证明，表明异种学习可能在自然界中发生。我们提出，基于听觉的社会学习可能有助于蝙蝠了解不熟悉的猎物，并促进它们的适应性辐射。
