Tobe Hiroshi, Huang Yu-Ling, Kadokawa Tomoki, Tamura Minoru N
Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
National Museum of Natural Science, Guancian Rd., Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
J Plant Res. 2018 May;131(3):411-428. doi: 10.1007/s10265-018-1026-9. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
We present a comparative study of the floral structure and development of Nartheciaceae, a small dioscorealean family consisting of five genera (Aletris, Lophiola, Metanarthecium, Narthecium, and Nietneria). A noticeable diversity existed in nine floral characters. Analyses of their respective character states in the light of a phylogenetic context revealed that the flowers of Nartheciaceae, whose plesiomorphies occur in Aletris and Metanarthecium, have evolved toward in all or part of Lophiola, Narthecium, and Nietneria: (1) loss of a perianth tube; (2) stamen insertion at the perianth base; (3) congenital carpel fusion; (4) loss of the septal nectaries; (5) unilocular style; (6) unfused lateral carpellary margins in the style; (7) flower with the median outer tepal on the abaxial side; (8) flower with moniliform hairs; and (9) flower with weak monosymmetry. We further found that, as the flowers developed, the ovary shifted its position from inferior to superior. As a whole, their structure changes suggest that the Nartheciaceae flowers have evolved in close association with pollination and seed dispersal. By considering inferior ovaries and the presence of septal nectaries as plesiomorphies of Nartheciaceae, we discussed evolution of the ovary position and septal nectaries in all the monocots.
我们对薯蓣目一个小科——水玉簪科的花结构和发育进行了比较研究。该科包含五个属（粉条儿菜属、美洲水玉簪属、水玉簪属、水玉簪花属和尼氏水玉簪属）。在九个花部特征上存在显著差异。根据系统发育背景对其各自的特征状态进行分析表明，水玉簪科的花，其原始特征存在于粉条儿菜属和水玉簪属中，在全部或部分美洲水玉簪属、水玉簪花属和尼氏水玉簪属中发生了如下进化：（1）花被管消失；（2）雄蕊着生于花被基部；（3）心皮先天性融合；（4）隔蜜腺消失；（5）花柱单室；（6）花柱中的心皮侧缘不愈合；（7）花的外轮中萼片位于远轴面；（8）花具念珠状毛；（9）花具弱的单对称性。我们还进一步发现，随着花的发育，子房位置从下位转变为上位。总体而言，它们的结构变化表明水玉簪科的花在进化过程中与传粉和种子传播密切相关。通过将下位子房和隔蜜腺的存在视为水玉簪科的原始特征，我们讨论了所有单子叶植物中子房位置和隔蜜腺的进化。
