Kalinichenko O V, Myshunina T M, Tron’ko M D
Fiziol Zh (1994). 2016;62(3):9-19. doi: 10.15407/fz62.03.009.
The study of the activity of the constitutive form of nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) revealed that in the papillary thyroid carcinomas it corresponded to that detected in unchanged extratumoral tissue, while the enzyme activity in follicular carcinoma was half lesser. At the same time, the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (іNOS) was higher in the papillary and follicular carcinomas. Such changes in the enzyme activity were associated with an increase in its level in papillary carcinomas, and with minor changes in follicular carcinomas. In medullary carcinomas the parameters under study corresponded to those in unchanged tissue, and in the papillary carcinoma metastases without changes in enzyme activity of nitric oxide formation, the level of the latter was much higher. Elevated levels of nitric oxide and іNOS activity in papillary thyroid carcinomas did not depend significantly on the aggression characteristics of the latter, being however absent in tumors of T4 category on a background of reduced cNOS activity and less expressed in tumors surrounded by the tissue in the presence of a chronic thyroiditis. Furthermore, in the papillary carcinomas of papillary or follicular structure nitric oxide level did not differ from the normal range, being slightly higher in tumors of solid or heterogeneous structure with presence of solid areas, whereas in carcinomas of papillary-follicular structure it was twice, and in tissue of solidinsular structure three times higher. іNOS hyperactivity was observed in the carcinomas of different structure, except for tumors of solid structure, in the tumor of which enzyme activity was within the normal range, and in tumor of solid-insular structure where it was significantly higher (as well as cNOS activity) compared with tumors of other structure. Nitric oxide generating system is involved in the transformation of thyroid cells and progression of tumor growth, including through apoptosis regulation, as shown by the results of an analysis of data obtained both in the present study and previously. The nature of such involvement in papillary thyroid carcinomas with different histological structure is different. Key words: nitric oxide; constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase; thyroid carcinoma; apoptosis.
对组成型一氧化氮合酶（cNOS）活性的研究表明，在甲状腺乳头状癌中，其活性与肿瘤外未发生改变的组织中检测到的活性相当，而在滤泡状癌中，该酶的活性则低一半。同时，诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）在乳头状癌和滤泡状癌中的活性较高。酶活性的这种变化与乳头状癌中其水平的升高以及滤泡状癌中的微小变化相关。在髓样癌中，所研究的参数与未改变的组织中的参数相符，而在一氧化氮生成酶活性无变化的乳头状癌转移灶中，后者的水平要高得多。甲状腺乳头状癌中一氧化氮和iNOS活性的升高与后者的侵袭特征并无显著关联，然而在T4类肿瘤中，cNOS活性降低，且在存在慢性甲状腺炎的情况下，被组织包围的肿瘤中表达较少。此外，在乳头状或滤泡状结构的乳头状癌中，一氧化氮水平与正常范围无异，在存在实性区域的实性或异质性结构肿瘤中略高，而在乳头状 - 滤泡状结构的癌中则高出两倍，在实性 - 岛状结构的组织中高出三倍。除了实性结构的肿瘤（该肿瘤的酶活性在正常范围内）以及实性 - 岛状结构的肿瘤（与其他结构的肿瘤相比，其iNOS活性以及cNOS活性显著更高）外，在不同结构的癌中均观察到iNOS活性过高。如本研究及先前获得的数据分析结果所示，一氧化氮生成系统参与甲状腺细胞的转化和肿瘤生长进程，包括通过凋亡调节。这种参与在具有不同组织结构的甲状腺乳头状癌中的性质有所不同。关键词：一氧化氮；组成型和诱导型一氧化氮合酶；甲状腺癌；凋亡
